Adrenal Glands and Parathyroid Gland Tumors

What is the primary mechanism by which cortisol regulates its own secretion?

Positive feedback loop on the hypothalamus
Direct stimulation of CRF secretion by the pituitary gland
Negative feedback loop on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (correct)
Stimulation of ACTH release by the hypothalamus

Which of the following is a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome?

Decreased blood glucose levels
Elevated blood glucose levels and loss in muscle and bone protein (correct)
Redistribution of fat to the extremities
Increased muscle and bone protein

What is the primary function of androgens in females?

Sex drive (correct)
Regulation of menstrual cycles
Maintenance of pregnancy
Development of secondary sex characteristics

Which adrenal gland layer is responsible for secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Adrenal medulla (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood glucose levels?

Increase in blood glucose levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids?

Regulation of electrolyte balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excessive levels of glucocorticoids on the body?

Weight loss and poor wound healing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epinephrine in the body?

Stimulation of the heart and metabolic activities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe consequence of a parathyroid gland tumor?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional relationship between the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system?

They respond to the same stimulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?

To secrete corticosteroids (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for secreting aldosterone?

The thin layer just underneath the capsule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

To regulate electrolyte balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex?

The adrenal medulla secretes hormones in response to sympathetic stimulation, while the adrenal cortex secretes hormones in response to parasympathetic stimulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?

Glucocorticoids regulate blood sugar levels, while mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the adrenal cortex?

It synthesizes aldosterone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

To regulate blood pressure and peripheral vasoconstriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones?

Uncontrolled sympathetic nervous system activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of melatonin?

To regulate the body's day/night cycles and induce sleepiness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreatic islets?

To secrete hormones that regulate blood sugar levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?

It increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the production and secretion of glucose (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for secreting insulin in the pancreas?

β cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency of adrenal medulla hormones?

No significant effects on the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreas as a mixed gland?

It has both exocrine and endocrine functions (A) Signup and view all the answers