24 Questions
What is the primary mechanism by which cortisol regulates its own secretion?
Negative feedback loop on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
Which of the following is a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome?
Elevated blood glucose levels and loss in muscle and bone protein
What is the primary function of androgens in females?
Sex drive
Which adrenal gland layer is responsible for secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Adrenal medulla
What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood glucose levels?
Increase in blood glucose levels
What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids?
Regulation of electrolyte balance
What is the effect of excessive levels of glucocorticoids on the body?
Weight loss and poor wound healing
What is the primary function of epinephrine in the body?
Stimulation of the heart and metabolic activities
What is a severe consequence of a parathyroid gland tumor?
All of the above
What is the functional relationship between the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system?
They respond to the same stimulation
What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?
To secrete corticosteroids
Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for secreting aldosterone?
The thin layer just underneath the capsule
What is the primary function of aldosterone?
To regulate electrolyte balance
What is the difference between the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex?
The adrenal medulla secretes hormones in response to sympathetic stimulation, while the adrenal cortex secretes hormones in response to parasympathetic stimulation
What is the primary difference between glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids?
Glucocorticoids regulate blood sugar levels, while mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balance
What is the role of the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the adrenal cortex?
It synthesizes aldosterone
What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?
To regulate blood pressure and peripheral vasoconstriction
What is the result of hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones?
Uncontrolled sympathetic nervous system activity
What is the primary function of melatonin?
To regulate the body's day/night cycles and induce sleepiness
What is the primary function of the pancreatic islets?
To secrete hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels?
It increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the production and secretion of glucose
Which cells are responsible for secreting insulin in the pancreas?
β cells
What is the result of a deficiency of adrenal medulla hormones?
No significant effects on the body
What is the function of the pancreas as a mixed gland?
It has both exocrine and endocrine functions
This quiz covers the functions of the adrenal glands, including the release of hormones to cope with stress, and the effects of parathyroid gland tumors, including the formation of kidney stones and impairment of vital organs.
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