Adrenal Gland Problems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary cause of acute adrenal insufficiency?

  • Regular intense exercise
  • Abrupt stop of steroids (correct)
  • Continuous high-dose steroid therapy
  • Low dietary sodium intake

    • Which of the following interventions is important when monitoring a patient with acute adrenal insufficiency?

  • Monitor I&Os (correct)
  • Avoid all dietary changes
  • Limit fluid intake to prevent overload
  • Daily exercise regimen

    • What treatment is administered rapidly for acute adrenal insufficiency?

  • IV steroids, saline fluids, and sugar (correct)
  • Oral antibiotics
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Oral antihistamines

    • Which dietary change should be made to manage potassium levels in a patient with acute adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Avoid potassium-rich foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient with adrenal insufficiency do in case of an emergency?

    <p>Administer intramuscular glucocorticoid pens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically used to prevent stress ulcers in patients with acute adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Famotidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardiovascular effect should one be cautious about when administering steroids?

    <p>Hypertension and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital signs monitoring frequency is appropriate for a patient with acute adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Every 1-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored for as potential signs of meningitis?

    <p>Headaches and visual changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action to prevent complications after surgery?

    <p>Sneeze with mouth open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for growth in muscles and bones during adolescence?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key aspects of post-operative care regarding oral hygiene?

    <p>Brushing teeth is to be avoided for 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should patients after surgery manage increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Rest frequently and avoid certain activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal post-operative observation regarding nasal discharge?

    <p>Blood tinged mucus is normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients be educated about regarding lifelong hormone therapy?

    <p>It should be continued indefinitely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does IGF-1 play in the body concerning growth?

    <p>It is responsible for many growth-promoting effects of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by decreased bone density, increased visceral fat mass, and increased cholesterol due to low IGF-1 levels?

    <p>Hypopituitarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Increased muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment option for acromegaly?

    <p>Somatostatin analogs like Octreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acromegaly?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Human Growth Hormone (HGH) have when administered?

    <p>Improved muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hypopituitarism, what effect is NOT observed in children?

    <p>Increased head circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone can block prolactin production?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone levels are typically used to diagnose GH-related disorders?

    <p>Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) therapy?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical change is associated with gigantism in children?

    <p>Rapid and excessive height growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical precaution to take after a thyroidectomy?

    <p>Keep the neck in a neutral position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most critical complication following a thyroidectomy?

    <p>Thyroid storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered first line for treating thyroid storm?

    <p>PTU via IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored closely postoperatively for signs of complications?

    <p>Neck dressing for bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle change is necessary after a total thyroidectomy?

    <p>Lifelong hormone replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of potential tracheal compression after a thyroidectomy?

    <p>Difficulty swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately if signs of a thyroid storm appear?

    <p>Use cooling measures and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should NOT be used in cooling measures for a patient in thyroid storm?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is considered the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Methimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Graves disease?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T3 and T4 hormones in the body?

    <p>Stimulate bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of potassium iodide (SSKI) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>To suppress thyroid function prior to surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition could lead to secondary hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Pituitary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of hyperthyroidism related to metabolic changes?

    <p>Increased energy and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common assessment finding in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should anti-thyroid medications generally be taken before tapering off?

    <p>1-1.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Methimazole?

    <p>Increased weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known as 'Puts Thyroid Underground'?

    <p>Propylthiouracil (PTU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of radioactive iodine therapy in treating hyperthyroidism?

    <p>To destroy thyroid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary recommendations is suggested for patients with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>High in calories, protein, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cushing Disease?

    <p>Excess cortisol produced by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most commonly associated with exogenous Cushing Syndrome?

    <p>Asthma treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be an expected result in an ACTH plasma level test for a patient with Cushing Disease?

    <p>Decreased levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychosocial assessment observation in Cushing Disease patients?

    <p>Irregular sleeping patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of Cushing Syndrome due to exogenous sources, what intervention is crucial?

    <p>Taper down steroid medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure is typically performed for hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Adrenalectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assessment finding is expected in a patient with hypokalemia related to hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Muscle cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to treat central Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Desmopressin acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of diabetes insipidus related to low ADH levels?

    <p>Excessive thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes hypopituitarism?

    <p>Failure of production of one or more hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical assessment finding for a patient experiencing adrenal crisis post adrenalectomy?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Cushing's Disease, easy bruising is likely due to which physiological change?

    <p>Changes in skin integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adrenal Gland Problems

    • Adrenal glands have two parts: medulla (inner) and cortex (outer)
    • Medulla produces catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
    • Cortex produces three main types of hormones:
      • Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone): regulate fluid volume, sodium reabsorption, and potassium excretion
      • Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol): regulate blood glucose, inflammatory responses
      • Androgens: responsible for sex characteristics

    Adrenal Cortex: Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

    • Regulates extracellular fluid volume
    • Causes sodium reabsorption and water reabsorption
    • Causes potassium loss/excretion

    Adrenal Cortex: Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

    • Secreted in response to the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus
    • Increases blood glucose levels due to gluconeogenesis in the liver
    • Regulates blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and increasing glomerular filtration rate
    • Influences emotional stability and alertness

    Adrenal Cortex: Sex Hormones

    • Androgens: involved in male and female traits, essential for puberty
    • Adrenal medulla is center of adrenal gland, responsible for the "fight or flight" response
      • Norepinephrine
      • Epinephrine

    Adrenal Dysfunction: Hypofunction

    • Inadequate secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
    • Adrenal cortex is affected, leading to a decrease in glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
    • Adrenalectomy is the surgical removal of the adrenal gland(s)

    Adrenal Dysfunction: Hyperfunction

    • (Conn's syndrome): excess aldosterone secretion
    • Most common cause is an adrenal adenoma (benign tumor)
    • Also caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a tumor secreting renin, which triggers aldosterone production
    • Clinical manifestations:
      • Hypernatremia
      • Hypokalemia

    Cushing's Disease

    • Too much cortisol, often due to a pituitary tumor secreting ACTH (most common cause)
    • Risks factors: 25-40 years old, females 5 times more likely
    • Symptoms:
      • Increased appetite
      • Weight gain (central obesity)
      • Changes in sleep patterns
      • Easy bruising
    • Assessment:
      • History questioning appetite changes, sleep problems, bruising tendencies
      • Physical exam: looking for weight gain and central obesity
    • Diagnosis:
      • Blood tests to look for cortisol levels
      • Imaging studies like CT/MRI

    Addison's Disease

    • Chronic condition, often autoimmune, leading to insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production
    • Risk factors: most commonly autoimmune, TB, HIV are additional causes
    • Symptoms:
      • Weight loss
      • Fatigue
      • Increased craving for salt
      • Low blood pressure
      • Muscle weakness
      • Low blood sugar
      • Abdominal pain

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    Related Documents

    Unit 1: Care of Patients with Adrenal Gland Problems PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on adrenal gland functions, focusing on the roles of the medulla and cortex, as well as the hormones produced, such as aldosterone and cortisol. This quiz covers the regulation of fluid volume, blood glucose levels, and emotional stability linked to adrenal hormones.

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