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Adrenal Gland Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the adrenal cortex?

Producing catecholamines essential for immediate stress response

Regulating blood flow to the kidneys

Producing steroid hormones essential for life (correct)

Synthesizing neurotransmitters for the nervous system

Which statement accurately describes the structure of the adrenal gland?

The adrenal gland has a circular shape with a single layer of cells

The cortex comprises 80-90% of the gland distinguishing itself from the smaller medulla (correct)

The adrenal medulla is larger than the cortex and contains more layers

The adrenal gland is encapsulated by a vascular connective tissue layer

What happens if there is a complete loss of adrenocortical hormones?

It leads to increased levels of catecholamines and potential heart failure

It results in death due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances unless replacement therapy is initiated (correct)

It has no significant effects on bodily functions over a week

It causes immediate symptoms of excessive energy and alertness

Which hormones are primarily produced by the adrenal medulla?

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of an adult adrenal gland?

3-5 cm (H) x 2-3 cm (W) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the adrenal gland is made up of the cortex?

80-90% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers is found in the adrenal cortex?

Zona reticularis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass range of an adult adrenal gland?

3.5-5 g Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is not produced by the adrenal medulla?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consequence of not replacing adrenocortical hormones promptly?

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adrenal Gland

Location: Superior to each kidney, in the retroperitoneal space
Shape: Flattened, pyramidal
Size (Adult): 3-5 cm (height) x 2-3 cm (width), less than 1 cm thick
Weight (Adult): 3.5-5 grams
Size at birth: Only half the adult size
Structure: Differentiates into two distinct regions: cortex and medulla
Cortex: Larger portion (80-90%), located peripherally, produces steroid hormones essential for life
Medulla: Smaller portion, produces catecholamine hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine)
Vascularization: Highly vascularized
Capsule: Externally covered by a connective tissue capsule
Hormone Loss: Complete loss of adrenocortical hormones leads to death from dehydration and electrolyte imbalances within a few days to a week, unless hormone replacement therapy begins promptly.

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Description

Explore the anatomy and function of the adrenal gland. This quiz covers its location, size, structure, and the hormones produced by its cortex and medulla. Test your knowledge on how essential these hormones are for life and the implications of hormone loss.