Adolescent Psychology Exam

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes moral reasoning?

  • A set of rules imposed on all individuals.
  • The cognitive process of evaluating right and wrong. (correct)
  • The principles guiding interpersonal relationships.
  • The process of understanding personal biases.

Pragmatics refers exclusively to the study of speech sounds within linguistics.

False (B)

Briefly define self-esteem, emphasizing its core component.

Self-esteem reflects a person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth. It involves beliefs about oneself.

__________ children demonstrate the ability to recover quickly from difficulties.

<p>Resilient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each age range with the correct stage of adolescence:

<p>Early Adolescence = 10-13 years Middle Adolescence = 14-17 years Late Adolescence = 18-21 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of binge eating disorder?

<p>Episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food with a sense of loss of control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identity and identity confusion are resolved solely during adolescence and do not resurface in adulthood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the primary characteristic of separation anxiety disorder in children.

<p>Excessive distress when separated from attachment figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________ orientation refers to a person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted.

<p>Sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the appropriate stage of adolescent rebellion:

<p>Early Adolescence = Testing boundaries primarily at home. Middle Adolescence = Increased peer influence and risk-taking behaviors. Late Adolescence = Focus on autonomy and future goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary goal of family therapy?

<p>Encouraging open communication and resolving conflicts within the family system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prejudice is solely based on negative experiences with members of a specific group.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three potential health risks associated with obesity.

<p>Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, the _________ operational stage is characterized by logical thinking about concrete events.

<p>Concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the stage of friendship with its characteristic behavior:

<p>Momentary Playmateship = Friends are easily made and dropped; based on proximity. One-Way Assistance = Friendship based on wanting things one's own way. Fair-Weather Cooperation = Friendships based on reciprocity but easily ended.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the most direct influence on school achievement?

<p>Parental Involvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescent depression and suicide rates have steadily decreased over the past decade due to increased awareness and interventions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three common preventative measures against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

<p>Abstinence, consistent condom use, and vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The influence of _____ groups often shapes adolescents' identity formation and social behaviors.

<p>Peer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning with the appropriate description:

<p>Preconventional = Moral decisions based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards. Conventional = Moral decisions focus on following societal rules and maintaining social order. Postconventional = Moral decisions based on universal ethical principles and individual conscience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is moral reasoning?

The process of thinking about and deciding what is right and wrong.

What are 'Pragmatics'?

The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used.

Define Self Esteem

An individual's overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

Define Resilient children

Children who demonstrate the ability to overcome adversity and adapt positively to challenges.

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Define Adolescence

The period of life between childhood and adulthood, typically starting with the onset of puberty.

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What is a binge eating disorder?

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a short period, accompanied by a sense of lack of control.

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Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, where adolescents grapple with establishing a sense of self versus uncertainty about their identity.

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Separation Anxiety Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear or distress about separation from attachment figures, like parents or caregivers.

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Define Sexual Orientation

A person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.

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Adolescent Rebellion

A period of defiance, opposition to authority, and challenging of societal norms that can occur during adolescence.

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Define Family Therapy

A type of psychotherapy that involves family members working together to address and resolve issues affecting the family's well-being.

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Explain Prejudice

A negative attitude or feeling toward a person or group based on perceived group affiliation.

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Define Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body weight, and its treatment often involves lifestyle changes, diet, and exercise.

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Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, where children can think logically about concrete events and objects.

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Stages of Friendship

Stages include initial attraction, acquaintance, formation of a bond, and potentially dissolution.

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Influences on School Achievement

Factors at home, school, and in the community that impact a student's academic success.

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Depression and Death in Adolescence

A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest, and death in adolescents involves many complex issues.

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections transmitted through sexual activity, encompassing bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections.

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Influence of Peer Group

Peers significantly shape social behavior, identity, and decision-making during adolescence.

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Study Notes

  • The exam duration is three hours with a maximum of 75 marks.

Part A

  • Answer any ten questions in 30 words each, totaling 20 marks.
  • Define moral reasoning.
  • Briefly explain 'Pragmatics'.
  • Define self-esteem.
  • Describe resilient children.
  • State the meaning of 'adolescence'.
  • Define binge eating disorder.
  • Explain identity versus identity confusion.
  • Define separation anxiety disorder.
  • Define sexual orientation.
  • Explain adolescent rebellion.
  • Define family therapy.
  • Explain prejudice.

Part B

  • Answer any five questions in 200 words each, totaling 25 marks.
  • State obesity and its treatment plans.
  • Describe the concrete operational stage.
  • Explain the stages of friendship.
  • Discuss the influences on school achievement.
  • Analyze depression and death in adolescence.
  • Describe sexually transmitted infections.
  • Narrate the influence of peer groups in adolescence.

Part C

  • Answer any three questions in 500 words each, totaling 30 marks.
  • Discuss physical development in middle childhood.
  • Explain how family atmosphere and structure affect a child’s psychosocial development.
  • Examine Kohlberg’s six stages of moral reasoning.
  • Discuss gender differences in identity formation.
  • Summarize antisocial behavior and juvenile delinquency.

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