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Questions and Answers
Which type of knowledge involves knowing facts and information?
Which type of knowledge involves knowing facts and information?
What is the process called that involves reasoning from specific observations to draw general principles?
What is the process called that involves reasoning from specific observations to draw general principles?
Which cognitive process is involved in manipulating information for complex tasks?
Which cognitive process is involved in manipulating information for complex tasks?
What does metacognition primarily involve?
What does metacognition primarily involve?
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What is characterized by the ability to suppress urges to provide correct responses?
What is characterized by the ability to suppress urges to provide correct responses?
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What is the primary function associated with the rostral prefrontal cortex or Brodmann Area 10?
What is the primary function associated with the rostral prefrontal cortex or Brodmann Area 10?
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How does metacognitive ability change during a person's development?
How does metacognitive ability change during a person's development?
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How does reasoning ability change from preadolescence to adolescence?
How does reasoning ability change from preadolescence to adolescence?
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Which type of reasoning is commonly associated with the development of problems involving relationships between objects?
Which type of reasoning is commonly associated with the development of problems involving relationships between objects?
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What is the relationship between 'cool' executive function and academic performance?
What is the relationship between 'cool' executive function and academic performance?
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What is a characteristic of 'hot' executive function?
What is a characteristic of 'hot' executive function?
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What aspect of cognition does metacognition primarily involve?
What aspect of cognition does metacognition primarily involve?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with deficits in 'cool' executive function?
Which of the following conditions is associated with deficits in 'cool' executive function?
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Which brain area is involved in the processing of word meanings and concepts, aiding in analogical reasoning?
Which brain area is involved in the processing of word meanings and concepts, aiding in analogical reasoning?
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What aspect of decision making does the Iowa Gambling Task primarily study?
What aspect of decision making does the Iowa Gambling Task primarily study?
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Which of the following decks of cards is considered advantageous in the long run?
Which of the following decks of cards is considered advantageous in the long run?
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What cognitive ability is most impacted by substance abuse in adolescents?
What cognitive ability is most impacted by substance abuse in adolescents?
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Which brain region is associated with decision making and develops myelin during the teen years?
Which brain region is associated with decision making and develops myelin during the teen years?
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Adolescents with lower executive functioning are more likely to use which substance?
Adolescents with lower executive functioning are more likely to use which substance?
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What is a common trait observed in children and teens that is similar to patients with VMPFC damage?
What is a common trait observed in children and teens that is similar to patients with VMPFC damage?
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Study Notes
Adolescent Cognitive Development
- Domains of Cognition: Knowledge, reasoning, problem-solving, metacognition, executive functions, and decision-making.
Cognitive Development
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Knowledge Development: The more a person knows, the more they can learn, and the faster they can learn. This rate of knowledge increase occurs throughout middle childhood and adolescence, affecting declarative and procedural knowledge. Conceptual or abstract reasoning shows stepwise development that improves after puberty.
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Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills: Preadolescents can engage in logical problem-solving through deduction and induction, though reasoning improves throughout adolescence and adulthood. Adolescents are better at understanding situations where these styles of reasoning work best, and are more able to revise beliefs during problem-solving. Scientific thinking, including forming and testing hypotheses, improves with secondary education and beyond.
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Analogical Reasoning: The ability to understand relationships between objects and apply this understanding to new objects. This skill improves over middle childhood to mid-adolescence. Development of the left anterior prefrontal cortex coincides with improved analogical reasoning abilities.
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Metacognition: Introspection or the ability to reflect on one's own thoughts and feelings. This includes monitoring of behavior, thinking, emotions, memory, or learning. Individuals are able to discover gaps in their knowledge through this skill, discern if thinking is logical, and monitor their own thinking.
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Executive Function: "Cool" executive functions (attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control) improve through the teen years, and predict academic performance. "Hot" executive functions (decision-making) involves weighting choices with consequences and emotions.
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Decision Making: "Hot" executive function involves weighing choices with rewards and punishments that evoke emotions, which relies on distinct neural circuits. This ability develops in adolescence and allows weighing choices, and understanding possible consequences.
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Impact of Substance Abuse: Substance abuse, specifically cannabis and alcohol, can negatively affect executive functions like working memory and inhibition, and has potential effects on brain development in adolescents. Effects can be long-lasting even after stopping use, and binge drinking has negative effects on cognitive function.
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Description
Test your understanding of the cognitive development stages during adolescence. This quiz covers key domains such as knowledge development, reasoning, problem-solving skills, and metacognitive processes. Perfect for those studying psychology or education focused on adolescent development.
