Podcast
Questions and Answers
How long should you count the pulse rate to obtain an accurate reading?
How long should you count the pulse rate to obtain an accurate reading?
one full minute
For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:
For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:
In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min.
In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min.
60, 100
A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:
A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:
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When palpating a patient's pulse, a short interval between pulsations indicates that the pulse is:
When palpating a patient's pulse, a short interval between pulsations indicates that the pulse is:
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When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, what should you do in addition to administering oxygen?
When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, what should you do in addition to administering oxygen?
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In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be most apparent in which areas?
In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be most apparent in which areas?
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In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:
In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:
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Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
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When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, a bluish tint is indicative of:
When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, a bluish tint is indicative of:
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Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:
Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:
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Normal skin color, temperature, and condition are described as:
Normal skin color, temperature, and condition are described as:
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A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:
A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:
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In a patient with jaundice, which condition should you suspect?
In a patient with jaundice, which condition should you suspect?
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A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:
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When assessing capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color should return within:
When assessing capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color should return within:
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If a 6-month-old male has a capillary refill time of approximately 4 seconds, what can you conclude?
If a 6-month-old male has a capillary refill time of approximately 4 seconds, what can you conclude?
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In assessing a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:
In assessing a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:
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External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of:
External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of:
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For a stab wound patient, what should you do as you approach?
For a stab wound patient, what should you do as you approach?
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The full-body scan of a patient following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
The full-body scan of a patient following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
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A rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:
A rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:
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You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:
You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:
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For a patient with severe pelvic pain after a fall, which action would NOT be appropriate?
For a patient with severe pelvic pain after a fall, which action would NOT be appropriate?
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When assessing a patient's abdomen, which of the following should NOT be evaluated?
When assessing a patient's abdomen, which of the following should NOT be evaluated?
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Which situation warrants immediate transport?
Which situation warrants immediate transport?
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When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
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As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:
As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:
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After administering oxygen to a patient with altered mental status, what should you do next?
After administering oxygen to a patient with altered mental status, what should you do next?
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The 'Golden Period' begins when an injury occurs and ends when:
The 'Golden Period' begins when an injury occurs and ends when:
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After the first 60 minutes of experiencing a significant injury, what is most likely true?
After the first 60 minutes of experiencing a significant injury, what is most likely true?
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An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:
An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:
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During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times.
During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times.
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What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint?
What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint?
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The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:
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Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, what should your first action be?
Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, what should your first action be?
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Which question is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
Which question is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
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When interviewing a patient, how can you show understanding of their situation?
When interviewing a patient, how can you show understanding of their situation?
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For an unconscious patient found in a car, what should the EMT do regarding medical history?
For an unconscious patient found in a car, what should the EMT do regarding medical history?
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Which medical history question would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?
Which medical history question would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?
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Which question would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
Which question would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
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Which response establishes the "E" in the SAMPLE history?
Which response establishes the "E" in the SAMPLE history?
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Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:
Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:
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Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
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In which situation is a pertinent negative identified?
In which situation is a pertinent negative identified?
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Which of the following is an example of a symptom? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is an example of a symptom? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? (Select all that apply)
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While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:
While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:
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Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:
Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:
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You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
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Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
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The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
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During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:
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Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:
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When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?
When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?
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The goal of the primary assessment is to:
The goal of the primary assessment is to:
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Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:
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Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
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Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?
Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?
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A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
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An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:
An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:
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A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:
A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if he or she correctly answers questions regarding:
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A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:
A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is:
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An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
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When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:
When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:
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When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
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Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?
Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?
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Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted?
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted?
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What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
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Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?
Which of the following statements regarding stridor is MOST correct?
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Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?
Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?
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You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:
You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:
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A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
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After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:
After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:
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A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:
A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:
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Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:
Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:
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You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is 'sick.' When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:
You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is 'sick.' When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:
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If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:
If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:
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The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:
The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:
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Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants.
Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants.
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Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?
Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?
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Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?
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Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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When a patient's respirations are shallow:
When a patient's respirations are shallow:
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Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients?
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients?
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An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:
An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:
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You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
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During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
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A palpable pulse is created by:
A palpable pulse is created by:
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Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
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In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery.
In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery.
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Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:
Palpating the carotid pulse is not recommended in infants because:
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When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive older patient, you should:
When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive older patient, you should:
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You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:
You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to:
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If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:
If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:
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You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:
You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:
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Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?
Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?
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When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:
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Study Notes
Symptoms and Scenarios
- A headache is classified as a symptom.
- An unconscious patient with facial cyanosis does not exhibit any symptoms.
Scene Size-Up and Safety
- During scene size-up, rapidly assessing respiratory status is crucial.
- It is vital to ensure safety upon arriving at potentially dangerous scenes.
Assessments and MOI
- The mechanism of injury helps predict the severity of a patient's injuries.
- A thorough assessment is the most effective method for distinguishing between medical and traumatic problems.
Emergency Procedures
- Standard precautions should be taken before patient contact, such as exiting the ambulance.
- For mass-casualty incidents, treatment priorities are established after all patients have been triaged.
Patient Evaluation
- Surgical conditions should be approached cautiously, especially in the presence of weapons.
- An altered level of consciousness may be caused by various factors, excluding acute anxiety.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Insights
- A GCS of 13 indicates confusion, alertness, and the ability to follow commands.
- Inconsistent GCS scoring can provide insights into a patient's neurological status.
Pupil Reactions
- Pupils should constrict in response to light; dilation may indicate depressed brain function.
- Constricted pupils are commonly seen in opiate overdoses.
Airway Management
- The jaw-thrust maneuver is recommended for unresponsive patients with suspected trauma.
- Maintaining patent airways and suctioning secretions can be life-saving measures.
Respiratory Assessment
- Normal adult respiratory rates range from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
- Pediatric respiratory distress may be indicated by seesaw breathing patterns.
Pulse Assessment
- The carotid pulse is often unreliable in infants due to potential trachea compression.
- A regular pulse indicates a consistent heart rhythm; rapid pulses suggest tachycardia.
Skin and Circulation Assessment
- Skin color changes can indicate underlying conditions; bluish skin (cyanosis) indicates poor oxygenation.
- In deeply pigmented skin individuals, assessing color changes may require examination of non-pigmented areas, such as the lips or oral mucosa.
Emergency Response Protocols
- Unresponsive patients should have their airways assessed immediately, with CPR initiated if no pulse is detected.
- Changes in coloration of the skin may reveal critical physiological status and necessitate swift medical attention.### Skin Assessment and Conditions
- Normal skin appearance is pink, warm, and dry, indicating healthy circulation.
- High blood pressure is often associated with flushed and red skin.
- Jaundice in skin and sclera suggests liver dysfunction in patients.
Patient Conditions and Assessment Techniques
- Profuse sweating is described as diaphoretic.
- Capillary refill time (CRT) normal for infants is within 2 seconds; CRT linked to peripheral circulation status.
- A 4-second CRT in an infant indicates decreased peripheral circulation.
Emergency Response Protocols
- Direct pressure and elevation are primary methods for controlling external bleeding from extremities.
- For active bleeding, apply direct pressure to the wound immediately.
- A full-body scan should take no more than 60 to 90 seconds after the primary assessment.
Trauma Assessment and Management
- Assess pelvic injuries delicately, avoiding palpation if significant pain is reported.
- Severe chest pain combined with cool, pale skin indicates a need for immediate transport.
- During a rapid body assessment, the posterior is evaluated last.
Monitoring and Reassessment
- Unstable patients require reassessment every 5 minutes.
- Stable patients should be reassessed at least twice during a 30-minute transport.
Chief Complaint and History Taking
- Chief complaint is the primary concern of the patient.
- History-taking focuses on the chief complaint and relevant medical history.
- Understanding a patient's situation can be demonstrated through active listening and paraphrasing.
Pain Assessment Characteristics
- Palliating factors alleviate pain, whereas radiating pain moves from its origin to another location.
- Pertinent negatives are significant in assessing symptoms, indicating what is not present for a comprehensive understanding.
Patient Interview and Medical Alerts
- In unconscious patients, check for medical alert bracelets for crucial information.
- Least relevant questions in acute situations revolve around family medical history rather than immediate concerns.
Emergency Care Principles
- The "Golden Period" in trauma care is the timeframe from injury to definitive care.
- After significant injuries, the body's ability to compensate for shock declines after the first hour.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these review questions from Chapter 8 of the ADHS EMT curriculum. Each flashcard presents critical symptoms and scenarios to enhance your understanding of emergency medical response. Perfect for preparing for examinations and practical applications in the field.
