Podcast
Questions and Answers
What integrin is in a low affinity state on naive T cells and increases in strength upon antigen recognition?
What integrin is in a low affinity state on naive T cells and increases in strength upon antigen recognition?
Which proteins on APCs are recognized by T cell receptor for costimulation, leading to T cell proliferation?
Which proteins on APCs are recognized by T cell receptor for costimulation, leading to T cell proliferation?
Which protein binds to either B7-1 and B7-2, serving as a coinhibitor to limit immune responses?
Which protein binds to either B7-1 and B7-2, serving as a coinhibitor to limit immune responses?
Which inducible costimulator binds to ICOS-L and functions for the development of follicular helper T cells?
Which inducible costimulator binds to ICOS-L and functions for the development of follicular helper T cells?
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Which receptor binds to PD-L1 and PD-L2, serving as a coinhibitor to limit immune responses?
Which receptor binds to PD-L1 and PD-L2, serving as a coinhibitor to limit immune responses?
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What is the role of inhibitory receptors in the immune response?
What is the role of inhibitory receptors in the immune response?
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Study Notes
Integrins and Naive T Cells
- Naive T cells express integrin LFA-1 in a low-affinity state.
- Upon antigen recognition, LFA-1 transitions to a high-affinity state, enhancing T cell adhesion to antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
T Cell Activation and Costimulation
- T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize specific proteins on APCs for costimulation, primarily through CD28 binding to B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86).
- This costimulation is essential for T cell proliferation and full activation following antigen recognition.
Coinhibition in Immune Response
- The protein CTLA-4 serves as a coinhibitor by binding to B7-1 and B7-2, which helps to limit excessive immune responses.
- This regulatory mechanism is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.
Follicular Helper T Cells
- Inducible costimulator (ICOS) binds to ICOS-L, facilitating the development of follicular helper T cells, which are pivotal in providing help to B cells during the immune response.
PD-1 and Immune Regulation
- The PD-1 receptor binds to its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, acting as a coinhibitor that dampens T cell activity and helps prevent overactive immune responses.
Role of Inhibitory Receptors
- Inhibitory receptors, like CTLA-4 and PD-1, play a critical role in modulating the immune response to prevent damage to host tissues and maintain tolerance to self-antigens.
- They ensure that immune responses are appropriately regulated to minimize potential autoimmunity while allowing effective defense against pathogens.
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Description
Explore the role of adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 integrin in T cell responses and the importance of costimulation for T cell activation. Learn how integrin-mediated adhesion facilitates T cell interactions with APCs and the significance of costimulators like CD28 and B7 proteins.
