40 Questions
What is a potential risk factor for ADHD during pregnancy?
Infections
Which of the following is a common symptom of ADHD in preschool-age children?
Excessive curiosity
What is a symptom of ADHD in adolescents (13-18 years old)?
Difficulty with authority figures
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ADHD?
Watching TV
What is a symptom of ADHD in adults?
Highly distractible
What is the primary function of dopamine in the brain's reward mechanisms?
Reinforcing rewarding behaviors
Which neurotransmitter is involved in mood regulation and the ability to concentrate?
Norepinephrine
What is the characteristic of brain growth in ADHD children?
Brain growth is slower in ADHD children, but catches up by late adolescence
Which of the following brain regions are smaller in ADHD children?
Prefrontal cortex, striatal areas, and cerebellum
What is the effect of high dopamine levels in ADHD?
Hyperactivity, anxiety, and agitation
What is the primary function of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?
Induction of anxiety and arousal
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with mood, behavior, and pain perception?
Serotonin
What is the primary difference between short-acting and long-acting CNS stimulants in the treatment of ADHD?
Duration of action
According to the 2016 CDC report, what percentage of children aged 2-17 have been diagnosed with ADHD?
6.1%
Which of the following CNS stimulants is a prodrug, meaning it requires metabolic conversion to become active?
Lisdexamfetamine
What percentage of children with ADHD symptoms persist into adolescence?
68%
What is the estimated percentage of adults with ADHD who may be at risk for other psychiatric disorders?
30-50%
What is thought to contribute to the development of ADHD, based on genetic research?
Genetic components
What brain region is affected in individuals with ADHD, impacting impulse control, concentration, and inhibition?
Frontal lobe
What is a characteristic of brain development in individuals with ADHD?
Slower neural pathway maturation
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when selecting psychotropics?
Patient's personality traits
What is the primary mechanism of action of modafinil and armodafinil?
Inhibition of DA and NE reuptake transporter
What is a potential adverse effect of CNS stimulants, particularly in children with pre-existing heart problems?
Sudden death
What is the primary difference between ADHD and ADD?
There is no difference, ADD is an outdated term
What is a common symptom of ADHD in adults?
Unstable relationships
What is the primary function of mood stabilizers in psychotropic medications?
To prevent cycling between manic and depression
Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating the activity of CNS stimulants?
Dopamine
What is the primary function of antianxiety agents in psychotropic medications?
To treat signs and symptoms of anxiety
What is the characteristic of stimulants in treating ADHD?
They target problems with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet
What is the role of GABA in the CNS stimulation?
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
What is the primary function of antidepressants in psychotropic medications?
To treat depression
What is the characteristic of antipsychotics in psychotropic medications?
They target problems with mood cycling and psychosis
What is the role of excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS stimulation?
To increase the activity of neurons
What is the primary function of sedatives, hypnotics, or other sleep-promoting medications in psychotropic medications?
To promote sleep and relaxation
What is the characteristic of ADHD?
Difficulty with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet
What is the minimum dose of caffeine required to produce a decrease in fatigue and increased mental status?
100mg
According to Leon (2000), what is a benefit of using caffeine in attention and alertness?
Decreasing impulsivity
What is a potential adverse effect of caffeine on the cardiovascular system?
Increased cardiac arrhythmias
What is a potential mechanism by which stimulants may inhibit growth?
Inhibitory effects on growth hormones
What is a potential effect of caffeine on the gastric system?
Stimulating secretion of gastric acid
Test your knowledge of ADHD, a neurodevelopmental condition that affects attention, impulsivity, and activity levels. Learn about its typical age onset, symptoms, and potential causes.
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