ADHD Facts and Characteristics

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What is a potential risk factor for ADHD during pregnancy?

Proper nutrition
Regular prenatal check-ups
Infections (correct)
Adequate sleep

Which of the following is a common symptom of ADHD in preschool-age children?

Low levels of compliance
Excessive curiosity (correct)
Highly organized play
Easily distracted

What is a symptom of ADHD in adolescents (13-18 years old)?

Blurring out answers before questions are completed
Excessive motor activity
High self-esteem
Difficulty with authority figures (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ADHD?

Watching TV (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of ADHD in adults?

Highly distractible (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dopamine in the brain's reward mechanisms?

Reinforcing rewarding behaviors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in mood regulation and the ability to concentrate?

Norepinephrine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of brain growth in ADHD children?

Brain growth is slower in ADHD children, but catches up by late adolescence (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain regions are smaller in ADHD children?

Prefrontal cortex, striatal areas, and cerebellum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high dopamine levels in ADHD?

Hyperactivity, anxiety, and agitation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

Induction of anxiety and arousal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with mood, behavior, and pain perception?

Serotonin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between short-acting and long-acting CNS stimulants in the treatment of ADHD?

Duration of action (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the 2016 CDC report, what percentage of children aged 2-17 have been diagnosed with ADHD?

6.1% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following CNS stimulants is a prodrug, meaning it requires metabolic conversion to become active?

Lisdexamfetamine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with ADHD symptoms persist into adolescence?

68% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of adults with ADHD who may be at risk for other psychiatric disorders?

30-50% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is thought to contribute to the development of ADHD, based on genetic research?

Genetic components (D) Signup and view all the answers

What brain region is affected in individuals with ADHD, impacting impulse control, concentration, and inhibition?

Frontal lobe (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of brain development in individuals with ADHD?

Slower neural pathway maturation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when selecting psychotropics?

Patient's personality traits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of modafinil and armodafinil?

Inhibition of DA and NE reuptake transporter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of CNS stimulants, particularly in children with pre-existing heart problems?

Sudden death (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between ADHD and ADD?

There is no difference, ADD is an outdated term (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of ADHD in adults?

Unstable relationships (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mood stabilizers in psychotropic medications?

To prevent cycling between manic and depression (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating the activity of CNS stimulants?

Dopamine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antianxiety agents in psychotropic medications?

To treat signs and symptoms of anxiety (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stimulants in treating ADHD?

They target problems with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GABA in the CNS stimulation?

Inhibitory neurotransmitter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidepressants in psychotropic medications?

To treat depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of antipsychotics in psychotropic medications?

They target problems with mood cycling and psychosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS stimulation?

To increase the activity of neurons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sedatives, hypnotics, or other sleep-promoting medications in psychotropic medications?

To promote sleep and relaxation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ADHD?

Difficulty with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum dose of caffeine required to produce a decrease in fatigue and increased mental status?

100mg (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Leon (2000), what is a benefit of using caffeine in attention and alertness?

Decreasing impulsivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of caffeine on the cardiovascular system?

Increased cardiac arrhythmias (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential mechanism by which stimulants may inhibit growth?

Inhibitory effects on growth hormones (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of caffeine on the gastric system?

Stimulating secretion of gastric acid (B) Signup and view all the answers