ADHD Facts and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential risk factor for ADHD during pregnancy?

  • Proper nutrition
  • Regular prenatal check-ups
  • Infections (correct)
  • Adequate sleep

    • Which of the following is a common symptom of ADHD in preschool-age children?

  • Low levels of compliance
  • Excessive curiosity (correct)
  • Highly organized play
  • Easily distracted

    • What is a symptom of ADHD in adolescents (13-18 years old)?

  • Blurring out answers before questions are completed
  • Excessive motor activity
  • High self-esteem
  • Difficulty with authority figures (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ADHD?

    <p>Watching TV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of ADHD in adults?

    <p>Highly distractible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dopamine in the brain's reward mechanisms?

    <p>Reinforcing rewarding behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in mood regulation and the ability to concentrate?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of brain growth in ADHD children?

    <p>Brain growth is slower in ADHD children, but catches up by late adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain regions are smaller in ADHD children?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex, striatal areas, and cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high dopamine levels in ADHD?

    <p>Hyperactivity, anxiety, and agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Induction of anxiety and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with mood, behavior, and pain perception?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between short-acting and long-acting CNS stimulants in the treatment of ADHD?

    <p>Duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 2016 CDC report, what percentage of children aged 2-17 have been diagnosed with ADHD?

    <p>6.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following CNS stimulants is a prodrug, meaning it requires metabolic conversion to become active?

    <p>Lisdexamfetamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with ADHD symptoms persist into adolescence?

    <p>68%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of adults with ADHD who may be at risk for other psychiatric disorders?

    <p>30-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to contribute to the development of ADHD, based on genetic research?

    <p>Genetic components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain region is affected in individuals with ADHD, impacting impulse control, concentration, and inhibition?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of brain development in individuals with ADHD?

    <p>Slower neural pathway maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consideration when selecting psychotropics?

    <p>Patient's personality traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of modafinil and armodafinil?

    <p>Inhibition of DA and NE reuptake transporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of CNS stimulants, particularly in children with pre-existing heart problems?

    <p>Sudden death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ADHD and ADD?

    <p>There is no difference, ADD is an outdated term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of ADHD in adults?

    <p>Unstable relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mood stabilizers in psychotropic medications?

    <p>To prevent cycling between manic and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating the activity of CNS stimulants?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antianxiety agents in psychotropic medications?

    <p>To treat signs and symptoms of anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of stimulants in treating ADHD?

    <p>They target problems with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GABA in the CNS stimulation?

    <p>Inhibitory neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antidepressants in psychotropic medications?

    <p>To treat depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of antipsychotics in psychotropic medications?

    <p>They target problems with mood cycling and psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS stimulation?

    <p>To increase the activity of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sedatives, hypnotics, or other sleep-promoting medications in psychotropic medications?

    <p>To promote sleep and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ADHD?

    <p>Difficulty with low concentration, controlling actions, and remaining still or quiet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum dose of caffeine required to produce a decrease in fatigue and increased mental status?

    <p>100mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Leon (2000), what is a benefit of using caffeine in attention and alertness?

    <p>Decreasing impulsivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of caffeine on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Increased cardiac arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential mechanism by which stimulants may inhibit growth?

    <p>Inhibitory effects on growth hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of caffeine on the gastric system?

    <p>Stimulating secretion of gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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