ADHD Characteristics Overview
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What is a primary problem associated with working memory in individuals with ADHD?

  • Ability to follow multi-step directions
  • Impulsivity and trouble monitoring behavior (correct)
  • Enhanced long-term memory skills
  • Increased attention to detail

    • Which academic issue is commonly observed in students with ADHD?

  • Ability to complete assignments ahead of schedule
  • Careless mistakes and not following directions (correct)
  • High engagement in academic tasks
  • Excellent organizational skills

    • What characteristic is typical of students who have the inattentive type of ADHD?

  • Greater withdrawal from social interactions (correct)
  • High sociability and strong peer relationships
  • Exhibition of aggression and bullying behavior
  • Consistent academic performance

    • What is a significant risk factor for secondary-level students with ADHD?

    <p>Impulsivity hindering planning for postsecondary education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship issues do students with ADHD often face?

    <p>Difficulty recognizing others' emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of students with ADHD may have a coexisting learning disability?

    <p>30-45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following emotional disturbances is commonly found in students with ADHD?

    <p>Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characterized motivational issue observed in students with ADHD?

    <p>Reliance on external motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Precision Teaching?

    <p>To evaluate and improve instruction through data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of Behavioral Intervention?

    <p>Prescribing medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when using medication to support behavior in children with ADHD?

    <p>Communication among physicians, parents, and teachers is essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does progression from overt verbalization to covert verbalization involve?

    <p>Gradually reducing the volume of verbalizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is most effective for young children experiencing challenges with ADHD?

    <p>Stimulant medication combined with parent training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential feature of the instructional environment for students with ADHD?

    <p>Minimized distractions through organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be emphasized in Behavioral Interventions?

    <p>Clear, brief, and frequent rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of successful early intervention strategies for preschoolers with ADHD?

    <p>Emphasizing lengthy instructional sessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using individual desks or study carrels in the classroom?

    <p>They limit distractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can scheduled transitions and teacher-directed movement benefit students?

    <p>They help maintain focus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of effective instructional grouping during large group instruction?

    <p>Using engaging teaching styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of peer tutoring?

    <p>It allows for immediate feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) primarily combine?

    <p>Whole-class instruction with peer tutoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might students with ADHD benefit from using instructional technology?

    <p>It boosts attention and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can instructional software improve student learning?

    <p>By presenting engaging graphics and game formats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of technology is especially beneficial for students tracking their progress?

    <p>Immediate feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the identification of ADHD?

    <p>Medical evaluations must be conducted to rule out other conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the IDEA categories under which students with ADHD may qualify for services?

    <p>Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is used to gather comprehensive information about a student's behavior in school?

    <p>Interviews with parents, teachers, and the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use various diagnostic procedures for ADHD?

    <p>Different perspectives enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do questionnaires and checklists play in the identification process of ADHD?

    <p>They allow parents and teachers to document specific behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medical professional is typically involved in the ADHD identification process?

    <p>A physician knowledgeable about ADHD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a tool commonly used in the rating scales for identifying ADHD?

    <p>Conners 3rd edition (Conners-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a coexisting condition that students with ADHD might have?

    <p>Social Anxiety Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the positive outcomes of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)?

    <p>Improves academic performance in math</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of General Education Teachers in managing ADHD?

    <p>They need to focus on facilitating effective learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of program is Headsprout Early Reading Program?

    <p>A Computer-Assisted Instruction program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effective strategy for supporting students with ADHD in the classroom?

    <p>Supplying structured outlines for lessons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is designed to help students maintain attention through visual feedback?

    <p>Attention Training System (ATS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'C' in the Three Cs of classroom management stand for?

    <p>Curriculum: Make learning engaging and interesting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about drill-and-practice programs is true?

    <p>They are beneficial for students with ADHD by emphasizing rapid responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a Tone-Prompt System in the classroom?

    <p>To remind students to self-monitor their attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ADHD Characteristics

    • Problems with working memory and behavioral inhibition lead to impulsivity and difficulty self-monitoring.
    • Neurological studies show reduced brain activity in areas controlling inhibition, impacting impulsivity and motor control.
    • Academic performance suffers due to executive functioning problems. Common issues include difficulty with attention, task organization, following directions, and maintaining academic engagement.
    • Higher risk of grade retention and school dropout. School problems are often performance-related, not ability-related, though co-occurring learning disabilities are frequent.
    • Secondary students face additional challenges with scheduling, long-term assignments, and future planning.
    • Difficulty with peer relationships is common, leading to fewer close friends and increased peer rejection. Hyperactive-impulsive or combined types may show aggression; inattentive types tend to be more withdrawn.
    • Difficulty recognizing emotions in others impairs social interactions.
    • Motivational issues include a preference for easier tasks, low persistence, and reliance on external motivation.

    ADHD and Coexisting Conditions

    • Over half of students with ADHD have a coexisting disability.
    • 30-45% have a learning disability.
    • Some believe ADHD and learning disabilities may be different manifestations of the same condition.
    • Emotional disturbances (ED) such as conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, and mood disorders are common.
    • Up to 65% of students with ADHD also have an ED.
    • Students with both ADHD and conduct problems are at higher risk for social, behavioral, and legal problems.
    • Teachers must consider coexisting conditions when planning interventions.

    Identifying ADHD

    • Diagnosis requires information from multiple sources (parents, teachers, student) and settings. No single source is sufficient.
    • Common diagnostic procedures include interviews, questionnaires, checklists, rating scales, academic testing, and direct observation.
    • Students may qualify for services under IDEA categories like Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD), Emotional Disturbance (ED), or Other Health Impairment (OHI).

    ADHD Diagnostic Procedures

    • Medical evaluation: Rules out other medical conditions.
    • Interviews: Gather information from parents, teachers, and the student regarding developmental, medical, cognitive, and behavioral history. Teachers compare the student's behavior to peers.
    • Questionnaires and checklists: Document behaviors related to frustration, attention, following directions, and impulsivity.
    • Rating scales: Identify ADHD behaviors using tools such as the Achenbach System, BASC-3, and Conners-3.

    Interventions for ADHD

    • Precision Teaching: Focuses on pinpointing target behaviors, daily timed exercises, graphing data, and designing instruction based on data analysis. Promotes self-monitoring.
    • Behavioral Intervention (FBA): Defines target behaviors and creates intervention plans focusing on positive consequences for desired behavior, immediate and consistent consequences for undesired behavior, and clear, brief, frequent rules and instructions.
    • Medication: Psychostimulants can improve behavior and learning in 70-80% of children with ADHD when combined with behavioral interventions. Requires communication among physicians, parents, and teachers; effects vary; optimal dosage is crucial and medication should complement other interventions, not replace them.
    • Early Multicomponent Interventions (Preschool): Combine stimulant medication, parent training, and classroom behavior management, including positive reinforcement, response cost, clear directions, and self-control training. Collaboration between parents and schools is key.

    Instructional Considerations for Students with ADHD

    • Instructional Environment: Structure and routine are essential. Minimize distractions (clutter, auditory stimuli); use individual desks or carrels; allow for movement.
      • Preschool: Highly structured environment with clear routines, minimal distractions, scheduled transitions, and teacher-directed movement.
      • Elementary and Secondary: Clear routines, organized desks, and seating minimizing distractions.
    • Instructional Grouping:
      • Large Group Instruction: Individual seating, engaging teaching styles, brief activities, technology (e.g., electronic response systems), and guided notes.
      • Peer Tutoring: Immediate feedback, individual pacing, collaboration.
      • Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT): Combines whole-class instruction with peer tutoring.
      • Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS): Strategic reading activities (partner reading, summarizing, predicting).

    Technology for Students with ADHD

    • Benefits: Increased attention and motivation, immediate feedback.
    • Instructional Software: Engaging graphics, sounds, game formats, smaller content chunks, step-by-step instructions, repeated trials.
    • Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI): Improves academic performance, reduces off-task behavior.
    • Enhanced Writing: Focuses on content rather than mechanics.
    • Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): Organization, memory, task management.
    • Attention Maintenance Technology: Attention Training System (ATS), Tone-Prompt System.
    • Drill-and-Practice Programs: Rapid responses and progress monitoring; engaging formats.
    • Example Program: Headsprout Early Reading Program.

    General Education Considerations

    • General Education Teachers' Role: Crucial in facilitating learning; focus on effective strategies.
    • Classroom Management Strategies:
      • The Three Cs (Guetzloe, 2004): Conditions (clear rules), Curriculum (engaging), Consequences (positive reinforcement).
      • Supporting Students with ADHD: Visual aids, structured outlines.

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    ADHD Pointers PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key characteristics of ADHD, focusing on the neurological, academic, and social challenges faced by individuals. Learn about how impulsivity, working memory issues, and peer relationships can affect performance in school and beyond. Understanding these factors is crucial for supporting students with ADHD.

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