11 Questions
Which of the following are potential targets for treatment of adenoviral infections?
AdV Cysteine protease
What is a method mentioned in the text for laboratory diagnosis of adenoviral infections?
Stool culture
Which of the following is mentioned as a complication of adenoviral infections?
Meningitis
What test can be used to detect the virus in nasopharyngeal or ocular specimens?
Immunofluorescence
How can adenoviral infections be prevented?
Vaccines
What is a potential antiviral drug mentioned in the text for the treatment of adenoviral infections?
Ganciclovir
What is the morphology of Adenoviruses?
Icosahedral shape with 252 capsomeres and fibre projects from each of 12 vertices
How do Adenoviruses replicate?
In the nucleus
How are Adenoviruses commonly transmitted?
Via contact with droplets from an infected person's nose or throat
What symptoms are most commonly associated with Adenovirus infections?
Respiratory symptoms like sore throat, cough, and runny nose
How do Adenoviruses differ from other viruses based on their genome?
Double stranded DNA
Study Notes
Adenovirus Characteristics
- Medium-sized, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses
- Share a common complement fixing antigen
- Infect both humans and animals
- Most infections are asymptomatic, especially in children
- Icosahedral shape, approximately 80-110 mm in diameter, with 252 capsomeres
- Fibre projects from each of 12 vertices, resembling a space ship
Classification
- Family: Adenoviridae
- Genus: Mastadenovirus (adenovirus of mammals)
- Species: Human adenovirus
- At least 52 distinct antigenic types isolated from humans, many more from animals
- Human adenovirus divided into seven groups (A-G)
Disease Associations
- Transmission: Contact with droplets from the nose and throat of an infected person (e.g., during coughing or sneezing) or by touching hands/an object
- Symptoms: Cold-like symptoms, including sore throat, sneezing, runny nose, cough, headache, chills, or symptoms of croup or bronchitis
- Complications: Ear infections, pneumonia, or meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord)
- Lasts: 3-5 days, but serious infections can last for weeks
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Specimen sources: Throat, eye, urine, feces
- Isolation of virus: Inoculation into cell cultures (human embryonic kidney, HeLa, HeP2), with characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) of cell rounding and aggregation into grape-like clusters
- Other tests: Hemadsorption (HA), Neutralization, Complement Fixation (CF) Serology, and Electron Microscopy (for stool)
Treatment and Prevention
- Potential targets: AdV DNA polymerase, AdV Cysteine protease, and receptors for binding host cells
- Antivirals in use: Ribavirin, Cidofovir, Ganciclovir, and Vidarabine
- Prevention: Vaccines available for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 (preventing ARD among military recruits), strict attention to good infection-control practices
This quiz provides an overview of adenoviruses, including their discovery, replication, classification, and common characteristics. Learn about the structure, classification, and prevalence of adenoviruses.
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