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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are potential targets for treatment of adenoviral infections?
What is a method mentioned in the text for laboratory diagnosis of adenoviral infections?
Which of the following is mentioned as a complication of adenoviral infections?
What test can be used to detect the virus in nasopharyngeal or ocular specimens?
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How can adenoviral infections be prevented?
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What is a potential antiviral drug mentioned in the text for the treatment of adenoviral infections?
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What is the morphology of Adenoviruses?
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How do Adenoviruses replicate?
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How are Adenoviruses commonly transmitted?
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What symptoms are most commonly associated with Adenovirus infections?
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How do Adenoviruses differ from other viruses based on their genome?
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Study Notes
Adenovirus Characteristics
- Medium-sized, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses
- Share a common complement fixing antigen
- Infect both humans and animals
- Most infections are asymptomatic, especially in children
- Icosahedral shape, approximately 80-110 mm in diameter, with 252 capsomeres
- Fibre projects from each of 12 vertices, resembling a space ship
Classification
- Family: Adenoviridae
- Genus: Mastadenovirus (adenovirus of mammals)
- Species: Human adenovirus
- At least 52 distinct antigenic types isolated from humans, many more from animals
- Human adenovirus divided into seven groups (A-G)
Disease Associations
- Transmission: Contact with droplets from the nose and throat of an infected person (e.g., during coughing or sneezing) or by touching hands/an object
- Symptoms: Cold-like symptoms, including sore throat, sneezing, runny nose, cough, headache, chills, or symptoms of croup or bronchitis
- Complications: Ear infections, pneumonia, or meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord)
- Lasts: 3-5 days, but serious infections can last for weeks
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Specimen sources: Throat, eye, urine, feces
- Isolation of virus: Inoculation into cell cultures (human embryonic kidney, HeLa, HeP2), with characteristic cytopathic effects (CPE) of cell rounding and aggregation into grape-like clusters
- Other tests: Hemadsorption (HA), Neutralization, Complement Fixation (CF) Serology, and Electron Microscopy (for stool)
Treatment and Prevention
- Potential targets: AdV DNA polymerase, AdV Cysteine protease, and receptors for binding host cells
- Antivirals in use: Ribavirin, Cidofovir, Ganciclovir, and Vidarabine
- Prevention: Vaccines available for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 (preventing ARD among military recruits), strict attention to good infection-control practices
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Description
This quiz provides an overview of adenoviruses, including their discovery, replication, classification, and common characteristics. Learn about the structure, classification, and prevalence of adenoviruses.
