Adenoviridae

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Questions and Answers

What is the morphology of Adenoviridae?

Enveloped, helical virus
Nonenveloped, hexagonal virus with fiber projections (correct)
Enveloped, icosahedral virus with spikes
Nonenveloped, filamentous virus

What is a key characteristic of adenovirus genome organization?

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with single-stranded RNA
Intranuclear inclusion bodies with para-crystalline arrays of virions (correct)
Double-stranded RNA forming perinuclear aggregates
Linear single-stranded DNA with mitochondrial replication

How do adenoviruses agglutinate red blood cells?

By binding to surface receptors on RBCs through penton fiber tips (correct)
By producing hemolysins that lyse RBCs
By secreting enzymes that modify RBC membranes
By direct fusion with RBC membranes

Which statement about adenovirus stability is correct?

Adenoviruses are relatively stable but easily inactivated by common disinfectants (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where do adenoviruses establish latency in the host?

In lymphoid and other tissues like tonsils and Peyer’s patches (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about adenoviruses is true?

They can cause immunosuppression and latent infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Mastadenovirus from Aviadenovirus?

Mastadenoviruses have single penton fibers, while Aviadenoviruses have bifurcated penton fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Canine Adenovirus-1 (CAV-1)?

Oral transmission through secretions, excretions, fomites, and ectoparasites (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long can CAV-1 be shed in urine following an acute infection?

6-9 months (C) Signup and view all the answers

Family: Adenoviridae don’t have the capability to cause any oncogenic effects

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Most adenoviruses have narrow host ranges

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Many adenoviruses cause hemadsorption, which gives it the “rosette formation”

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the other host species susceptible to Rubarth’s disease

Bear (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells and organs are primary sites for CAV-1 replication?

Macrophages, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium, and parenchymal cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are the main targets of infectious canine hepatitis?

Liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs Signup and view all the answers

What antibody titer level is associated with little to no clinical disease in dogs infected with CAV-1?

<blockquote> 500 (C) </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What liver pathology results from a persistently low antibody titer (<4) in dogs with CAV-1?

Widespread centrilobular to panlobular hepatic necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What ocular condition is commonly associated with infectious canine hepatitis?

Blue eye (corneal edema) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of corneal edema (blue eye) in CAV-1 infection?

Formation of viral-antibody immune complexes, complement activation, neutrophil chemotaxis, and corneal endothelial damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication of infectious canine hepatitis?

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most frequently affected by infectious canine hepatitis?

Puppies less than 1 year old (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition worsens the prognosis of infectious canine hepatitis?

Concurrent parvoviral or distemper infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical signs are seen in acute infectious canine hepatitis?

Fever >104°F, jaundice, hepatomegaly, petechial hemorrhages of the oral mucosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of infectious canine hepatitis does corneal edema typically develop?

During clinical recovery or chronic cases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes convulsions in dogs with infectious canine hepatitis?

Vascular injury leading to forebrain damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an uncommon clinical finding in the early acute phase of infectious canine hepatitis?

Jaundice (Icterus) (A) Signup and view all the answers

During the acute phase of infectious canine hepatitis, which mucosal abnormality is commonly observed?

Petechial hemorrhages of the oral mucosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of edema is commonly seen in dogs with acute infectious canine hepatitis?

Subcutaneous edema of the head, neck, and trunk (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which lymphoid organs are typically swollen in acute cases of infectious canine hepatitis?

Lymph nodes and tonsils (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key necropsy finding in infectious canine hepatitis?

Paint brush" hemorrhages on gastric serosa and lymph nodes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of liver necrosis is characteristic of infectious canine hepatitis?

Centrilobular necrosis with neutrophilic and monocytic infiltration (A) Signup and view all the answers

In recovered dogs or those with chronic disease, what renal lesion may be observed?

Grayish-white foci in the kidney cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What hematological abnormality is commonly seen in infectious canine hepatitis?

Leukopenia throughout the febrile period (B) Signup and view all the answers

What biochemical markers are elevated due to hepatic injury in infectious canine hepatitis?

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory findings is associated with infectious canine hepatitis?

Proteinuria (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred sample for virus isolation in infectious canine hepatitis?

Urine, blood, and tissue homogenates (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is infectious canine hepatitis primarily treated?

Symptomatic and supportive therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of treatment for infectious canine hepatitis?

Limit secondary bacterial invasion, support fluid balance, and control hemorrhagic tendencies (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are CAV-1 live attenuated vaccines discontinued in many countries?

They can cause transient corneal opacities and subclinical interstitial nephritis, and may be shed in urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are CAV-2 live attenuated vaccines preferred over CAV-1 vaccines?

CAV-2 vaccines do not cause corneal opacities or uveitis and are not shed in urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do maternal antibodies affect vaccination for infectious canine hepatitis?

They interfere with active immunization until puppies are 9-12 weeks old (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for canine infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB)?

Kennel cough Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary pathogen responsible for kennel cough?

Bordetella bronchiseptica (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is canine infectious tracheobronchitis primarily transmitted?

Aerosolized droplets (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the severity of kennel cough?

Stress and unfavorable environmental conditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark clinical sign of uncomplicated infectious tracheobronchitis?

Paroxysms of harsh, dry coughing followed by retching and gagging (A) Signup and view all the answers

What clinical signs may be present in uncomplicated cases of kennel cough aside from coughing?

Rhinitis, serous nasal discharge, sometimes conjunctivitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can occur in complicated cases of infectious tracheobronchitis?

Severe pneumonia or bronchopneumonia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is commonly used for symptomatic treatment of uncomplicated kennel cough? What additional medication is use along side it?

Cough suppressants (aka antitussives) and bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine provides protection against both CAV-1 and CAV-2?

Modified live virus vaccines for distemper, parainfluenza, and CAV-2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about equine adenovirus infections is true?

Most infections are asymptomatic or cause mild respiratory disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

EAV-2 is associated with severe respiratory disease in SCID foals

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are SCID foals particularly susceptible to adenovirus infections?

As maternal antibody wanes, they lack an effective immune response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of equine adenovirus-1 infection in SCID foals?

Progressive disease leading to death within 3 months (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary clinical signs of equine adenovirus-1 infection in SCID foals?

Severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia (A) Signup and view all the answers

For avian Adenovirus: match the disease associated with the species

Chickens = Inclusion body hepatitis; egg drop syndrome 76 Ducks = Hepatitis (rare) Quail = Bronchitis Turkeys = Hemorrhagic enteritis; egg drop syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adenoviridae morphology?

Nonenveloped, hexagonal virus with fiber projections.

Adenovirus genome characteristic?

Intranuclear inclusion bodies with para-crystalline arrays of virions.