Podcast
Questions and Answers
What structural characteristic is notably absent in adenoviruses?
What structural characteristic is notably absent in adenoviruses?
- Linear double-stranded DNA
- Spike glycoprotein fiber with HA activity
- Icosahedral capsid
- Lipid envelope (correct)
A patient presents with pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. Which virus type should be primarily suspected based on tissue tropism?
A patient presents with pharyngitis and conjunctivitis. Which virus type should be primarily suspected based on tissue tropism?
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Adenovirus (correct)
- Rhinovirus
- Influenza Virus
Why might adenovirus infections frequently go unnoticed in immunocompetent individuals?
Why might adenovirus infections frequently go unnoticed in immunocompetent individuals?
- Their incubation period is too short to produce noticeable symptoms.
- Infections are often asymptomatic in individuals with a healthy immune system. (correct)
- Diagnostic methods are not sensitive enough to detect the virus.
- The virus only replicates in specific cell types absent in healthy individuals.
Which diagnostic method is most suitable for confirming an adenovirus infection, considering the virus’s characteristics?
Which diagnostic method is most suitable for confirming an adenovirus infection, considering the virus’s characteristics?
A community swimming pool is suspected as the source of an adenovirus outbreak causing conjunctivitis. Which transmission route is most likely in this scenario?
A community swimming pool is suspected as the source of an adenovirus outbreak causing conjunctivitis. Which transmission route is most likely in this scenario?
Which method directly detects the presence of HPV infection?
Which method directly detects the presence of HPV infection?
What is the primary component of the recombinant HPV vaccines?
What is the primary component of the recombinant HPV vaccines?
Which of the following is a characteristic of papillomaviruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic of papillomaviruses?
What is the most common mode of transmission for anogenital warts caused by HPV?
What is the most common mode of transmission for anogenital warts caused by HPV?
Which of the viral proteins encoded by HPV are most directly associated with the development of cancer?
Which of the viral proteins encoded by HPV are most directly associated with the development of cancer?
A patient presents with palmar warts. How did they most likely contract the HPV?
A patient presents with palmar warts. How did they most likely contract the HPV?
A new HPV genotype is discovered. What characteristic would be most useful in determining its risk?
A new HPV genotype is discovered. What characteristic would be most useful in determining its risk?
The quadrivalent HPV vaccine protects against which of the following HPV types?
The quadrivalent HPV vaccine protects against which of the following HPV types?
Flashcards
Adenovirus Structure
Adenovirus Structure
Naked viruses with linear double-stranded DNA and an icosahedral capsid.
Adenovirus Fiber
Adenovirus Fiber
A spike glycoprotein found on each penton of the adenovirus capsid, possessing hemagglutinin activity.
Adenovirus Multiplication Sites
Adenovirus Multiplication Sites
The respiratory tract, eye, and gastrointestinal tract.
Adenovirus Transmission Routes
Adenovirus Transmission Routes
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Adenovirus Direct Diagnosis
Adenovirus Direct Diagnosis
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Direct Viral Diagnosis
Direct Viral Diagnosis
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Indirect Viral Diagnosis
Indirect Viral Diagnosis
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Papillomavirus Structure
Papillomavirus Structure
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Key HPV Proteins in Carcinogenesis
Key HPV Proteins in Carcinogenesis
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Papillomavirus Infections
Papillomavirus Infections
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HPV Transmission
HPV Transmission
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HPV Diagnosis
HPV Diagnosis
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HPV Vaccines
HPV Vaccines
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Study Notes
Adenoviridae Structure
- Adenoviruses are naked viruses
- They contain linear double-stranded DNA
- The capsid is icosahedral
- Each penton has a spike glycoprotein called fiber
- The spike glycoprotein has a sphere with hemagglutinin (HA) activity
- There are 51 serotypes of human adenoviruses divided into 6 groups (A to F)
- Grouping is based on tissue tropism
Adenoviridae Physiopathology
- Adenoviruses multiply mainly in the respiratory tract, eye, and gastrointestinal tract
- The incubation period is 1-10 days
- Adenovirus infections are often asymptomatic, especially in immunocompetent individuals
- They are responsible for various infections
- This includes respiratory illnesses, eye infections, and digestive issues like gasto-enteritis
- Transmission routes for adenoviruses include direct contact, airborne particles, and the fecal-oral route
Adenoviridae Diagnosis
- Direct diagnosis methods include virus isolation in cell culture, immunofluorescence to detect viral antigens, and PCR to detect the viral genome
- Cell cultures can take time
- Indirect diagnosis involves demonstrating seroconversion to confirm current infection and group serodiagnosis
- Serotyping can be done by haemagglutination inhibition or virus neutralization
Papillomaviridae Structure
- Papillomaviruses are naked viruses
- They have circular double-stranded DNA
- They have an icosahedral capsid
- The viral genome codes for 8 proteins
- 6 proteins involved in viral replication: E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7
- 2 structural proteins (capsid components): L1 and L2
- E6 and E7 proteins are the main factors in carcinogenesis
Papillomaviridae Physiopathology
- Papillomaviruses cause benign tumors of the skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals
- "Human Papillomavirus" or "HPV" are specific to humans
- After penetration, the virus replicates in epithelial cells of skin or mucosal epithelium
- Tumors from HPV are called "papillomas"
- Papillomas being divided into cutaneous warts and anogenital condylomes
- There are over 120 HPV genotypes, 40 of which infect the anogenital area
- Risks include High-risk for cancer lesions and Low-risk for non-cancerous potential
- HPVs have high tissue specificity
- Contamination happens
- By direct contact with skin warts
- By sexual transmission in cases of anogenital warts
- Asymptomatic HPV infections area very common
- HPV infections require a relatively long incubation
Papillomaviridae Diagnosis
- Diagnosis is primarily clinical, using cytology (cervical smear) or histological (biopsy)
- Direct diagnosis involves viral genome research
- Indirect diagnosis isn't typically used much in practice
Papillomaviridae Vaccination
- HPV vaccines are recombinant vaccines made from the L1 capsid protein
- Two vaccines given currently are:
- Gardasil: quadrivalent vaccine (HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18)
- Cervarix: bivalent vaccine (HPV 16 and 18)
- Girls and boys aged 11-12 can get vaccinated against HPV
- The vaccination involves 3 injections over 6 months (0, 1, and 6 months)
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Description
Explore the structure, physiopathology and diagnosis of Adenoviridae viruses. Covering their multiplication in the respiratory, eye and gastrointestinal tracts. Learn about transmission routes.
