Adenosine Effects and Side Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the initial manifestation of iodine poisoning?

  • Headache
  • Chest pain
  • Rhinorrhea (correct)
  • Vomiting

    • What is the most common iodine-containing antiseptic?

  • Povidone-iodine (correct)
  • Sodium hypochlorite
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Iodide salts

    • What is the intended effect of povidone-iodine?

  • To cause gastrointestinal distress
  • To prevent cell firing
  • To induce rhinorrhoea
  • To liberate free iodine in solution for its effect (correct)

    • What is the effect of highly concentrated iodine solutions or iodine salts on the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>They are poorly absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of chronic poisoning from long-term therapeutic intake of iodide salts?

    <p>Metallic taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with ingestion of industrial strength hydrogen peroxide (35 to 90%)?

    <p>Respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of household hydrogen peroxide (3 to 9%) when ingested in small amounts?

    <p>No serious problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for iodism?

    <p>Ceasing iodide intake while enhancing sodium chloride intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with dermal exposure to concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions?

    <p>&quot;Gangrene&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended effect of antiseptics?

    <p>To reduce the rate of cellular firing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Class I antiarrhythmic drug?

    <p>Flecainide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ventricular tachycardia can occur in severe overdosage of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

    <p>Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common CNS symptom associated with severe overdosage of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

    <p>Lethargy and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a potassium channel blocker among the given options?

    <p>Sotalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can severe overdosage of Class IA drugs have on myocardial contractility?

    <p>Depressed contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antiarrhythmic drugs includes propanenone?

    <p>Class I c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In severe cases, what can cause hypotension due to Class IA drugs overdose?

    <p>Depressed myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has a low toxic-to-therapeutic ratio among the given options?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause Q-T and QRS interval changes in severe overdosage?

    <p>Procainamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a calcium channel blocker among the given options?

    <p>Diltiazem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs has negative inotropic and anticholinergic properties?

    <p>Disopyramide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause lupus syndrome with symptoms such as arthralgias, myalgias, rash, and fever?

    <p>Procainamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the first-line agent for stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Lignocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug may produce symptoms such as vertigo, drowsiness, confusion, and paraesthesia?

    <p>Tocainide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug primarily prolongs cardiac action potential duration and acts as a non-competitive blocker for alpha and beta sympathetic receptors?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug's acute toxicity may include hypotension due to vasodilation and depression of myocardial performance?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is released from myocardial cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions for terminating reentrant supraventricular tachycardia?

    <p>Adenosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has been associated with disturbances such as corneal microdeposits, visual blurred vision, coloured halos or photophobia?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug's pulmonary toxicity responds to corticosteroids, but rapid withdrawal may lead to recurrence?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for ocular exposure to a high concentration solution of household bleach?

    <p>Wash eyes profusely and examine corneas carefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindicated treatment for ingestion of a granular material with symptomatic mucosal burns due to household bleach exposure?

    <p>Administration of acids to neutralize the bleach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if exposure to vapors or chlorine gas has occurred due to household bleach?

    <p>Move patient immediately to fresh air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for skin exposure to household bleach?

    <p>Manage with copious water dilutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action in cases of persistent symptoms after exposure to vapors or chlorine gas from household bleach?

    <p>Obtain a chest film and consider hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if vomiting has not occurred after ingestion of household bleach?

    <p>Give patient water or milk for dilution, not to exceed approximately 15 mL/kg in a child or 120-240 mL in an adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment after oral exposures to household bleach?

    <p>Do not use gastric emptying and refer patient to a surgeon or gastroenterologist if symptomatic mucosal burns are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment if exposure to vapors or chlorine gas from household bleach occurs?

    <p>Move patient immediately to fresh air and assess oxygenation as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindicated treatment for ingestion of household bleach?

    <p>Administration of acids due to the risk of increasing generation of chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate management for skin exposure to household bleach?

    <p>Manage with copious water dilutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for decongestants in reducing nasal congestion?

    <p>Constricting the dilated arterioles by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the d-isomer of ephedrine and has only 25% of the adrenergic receptor activity of ephedrine?

    <p>Pseudoephedrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is devoid of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?

    <p>Phenylpropanolamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious manifestation can occur due to toxicity of decongestants?

    <p>CNS stimulation and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine from all pharmaceutical products in 2000?

    <p>Risk of haemorrhagic stroke associated with its use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?

    <p>Xylometazoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of toxicity due to decongestants?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is a stimulant of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Pseudoephedrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of severe overdosage of decongestants on myocardial contractility?

    <p>Increased myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has been associated with symptoms such as corneal microdeposits, visual blurred vision, colored halos, or photophobia?

    <p>Naphazoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is a potential effect of severe overdosage of decongestants on Q-T and QRS interval changes?'

    <p>Prolongs Q-T and QRS intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound primarily prolongs cardiac action potential duration and acts as a non-competitive blocker for alpha and beta sympathetic receptors?

    <p>Phenylpropanolamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of toxicity for acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>Accumulation of toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may respond to propranolol in patients with combination overdose of phenylpropanolamine and other sympathomimetic agents?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

    <p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for persistent or highly elevated hypertension in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

    <p>Nitroprusside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the metabolism of acetaminophen at therapeutic acute doses?

    <p>Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation account for 5% of metabolism and elimination in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic overuse of imidazoline decongestants on the nasal mucosa?

    <p>Reactive vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with chronic abuse of imidazoline decongestants?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management for seizures, agitation, and psychosis in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

    <p>IV diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phenylpropanolamine overdose on serum creatine phosphokinase and renal function?

    <p>Increased serum creatine phosphokinase and impaired renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential alternative treatment for persistent or highly elevated hypertension in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be beneficial in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

    <p>Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do decongestants reduce nasal congestion?

    <p>By stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles to constrict the dilated arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is devoid of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?

    <p>Phenylpropanolamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the toxic clinical features of decongestant toxicity?

    <p>CNS stimulation, hypertension, and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?

    <p>Tetrahydrozoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious manifestation of decongestant toxicity?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine from all pharmaceutical products in 2000?

    <p>Risk of hemorrhagic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common drug involved in overdose cases in the category of analgesics?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the production of the reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite in acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>Hepatotoxic sequelae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

    <p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of NAC in patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>Enhancing oxygen utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of liver failure in the U.S.?

    <p>Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for acetaminophen overdose?

    <p>Accumulation of NAPQI metabolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances ASA elimination and reverses metabolic acidosis in salicylate toxicity?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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