Adenosine Effects and Side Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the initial manifestation of iodine poisoning?

  • Headache
  • Chest pain
  • Rhinorrhea (correct)
  • Vomiting

What is the most common iodine-containing antiseptic?

  • Povidone-iodine (correct)
  • Sodium hypochlorite
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Iodide salts

What is the intended effect of povidone-iodine?

  • To cause gastrointestinal distress
  • To prevent cell firing
  • To induce rhinorrhoea
  • To liberate free iodine in solution for its effect (correct)

What is the effect of highly concentrated iodine solutions or iodine salts on the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>They are poorly absorbed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of chronic poisoning from long-term therapeutic intake of iodide salts?

<p>Metallic taste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with ingestion of industrial strength hydrogen peroxide (35 to 90%)?

<p>Respiratory failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of household hydrogen peroxide (3 to 9%) when ingested in small amounts?

<p>No serious problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for iodism?

<p>Ceasing iodide intake while enhancing sodium chloride intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with dermal exposure to concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions?

<p>&quot;Gangrene&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended effect of antiseptics?

<p>To reduce the rate of cellular firing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a Class I antiarrhythmic drug?

<p>Flecainide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ventricular tachycardia can occur in severe overdosage of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

<p>Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common CNS symptom associated with severe overdosage of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs?

<p>Lethargy and confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a potassium channel blocker among the given options?

<p>Sotalol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can severe overdosage of Class IA drugs have on myocardial contractility?

<p>Depressed contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antiarrhythmic drugs includes propanenone?

<p>Class I c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In severe cases, what can cause hypotension due to Class IA drugs overdose?

<p>Depressed myocardial contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has a low toxic-to-therapeutic ratio among the given options?

<p>Phenytoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can cause Q-T and QRS interval changes in severe overdosage?

<p>Procainamide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a calcium channel blocker among the given options?

<p>Diltiazem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs has negative inotropic and anticholinergic properties?

<p>Disopyramide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can cause lupus syndrome with symptoms such as arthralgias, myalgias, rash, and fever?

<p>Procainamide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the first-line agent for stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia?

<p>Lignocaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug may produce symptoms such as vertigo, drowsiness, confusion, and paraesthesia?

<p>Tocainide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug primarily prolongs cardiac action potential duration and acts as a non-competitive blocker for alpha and beta sympathetic receptors?

<p>Amiodarone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug's acute toxicity may include hypotension due to vasodilation and depression of myocardial performance?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is released from myocardial cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions for terminating reentrant supraventricular tachycardia?

<p>Adenosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug has been associated with disturbances such as corneal microdeposits, visual blurred vision, coloured halos or photophobia?

<p>Amiodarone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug's pulmonary toxicity responds to corticosteroids, but rapid withdrawal may lead to recurrence?

<p>Amiodarone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for ocular exposure to a high concentration solution of household bleach?

<p>Wash eyes profusely and examine corneas carefully (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindicated treatment for ingestion of a granular material with symptomatic mucosal burns due to household bleach exposure?

<p>Administration of acids to neutralize the bleach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if exposure to vapors or chlorine gas has occurred due to household bleach?

<p>Move patient immediately to fresh air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for skin exposure to household bleach?

<p>Manage with copious water dilutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action in cases of persistent symptoms after exposure to vapors or chlorine gas from household bleach?

<p>Obtain a chest film and consider hospitalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if vomiting has not occurred after ingestion of household bleach?

<p>Give patient water or milk for dilution, not to exceed approximately 15 mL/kg in a child or 120-240 mL in an adult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment after oral exposures to household bleach?

<p>Do not use gastric emptying and refer patient to a surgeon or gastroenterologist if symptomatic mucosal burns are present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment if exposure to vapors or chlorine gas from household bleach occurs?

<p>Move patient immediately to fresh air and assess oxygenation as needed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindicated treatment for ingestion of household bleach?

<p>Administration of acids due to the risk of increasing generation of chlorine gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate management for skin exposure to household bleach?

<p>Manage with copious water dilutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for decongestants in reducing nasal congestion?

<p>Constricting the dilated arterioles by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the d-isomer of ephedrine and has only 25% of the adrenergic receptor activity of ephedrine?

<p>Pseudoephedrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is devoid of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?

<p>Phenylpropanolamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious manifestation can occur due to toxicity of decongestants?

<p>CNS stimulation and hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine from all pharmaceutical products in 2000?

<p>Risk of haemorrhagic stroke associated with its use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?

<p>Xylometazoline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of toxicity due to decongestants?

<p>Headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is a stimulant of both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors?

<p>Pseudoephedrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of severe overdosage of decongestants on myocardial contractility?

<p>Increased myocardial contractility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound has been associated with symptoms such as corneal microdeposits, visual blurred vision, colored halos, or photophobia?

<p>Naphazoline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'What is a potential effect of severe overdosage of decongestants on Q-T and QRS interval changes?'

<p>Prolongs Q-T and QRS intervals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound primarily prolongs cardiac action potential duration and acts as a non-competitive blocker for alpha and beta sympathetic receptors?

<p>Phenylpropanolamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of toxicity for acetaminophen overdose?

<p>Accumulation of toxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may respond to propranolol in patients with combination overdose of phenylpropanolamine and other sympathomimetic agents?

<p>Tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

<p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for persistent or highly elevated hypertension in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

<p>Nitroprusside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the metabolism of acetaminophen at therapeutic acute doses?

<p>Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation account for 5% of metabolism and elimination in urine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic overuse of imidazoline decongestants on the nasal mucosa?

<p>Reactive vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with chronic abuse of imidazoline decongestants?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for seizures, agitation, and psychosis in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

<p>IV diazepam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phenylpropanolamine overdose on serum creatine phosphokinase and renal function?

<p>Increased serum creatine phosphokinase and impaired renal function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential alternative treatment for persistent or highly elevated hypertension in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

<p>Nitroglycerin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be beneficial in phenylpropanolamine overdose?

<p>Dialysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do decongestants reduce nasal congestion?

<p>By stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptor sites on vascular smooth muscles to constrict the dilated arterioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is devoid of beta-adrenergic receptor activity?

<p>Phenylpropanolamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the toxic clinical features of decongestant toxicity?

<p>CNS stimulation, hypertension, and tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is a powerful alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant?

<p>Tetrahydrozoline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious manifestation of decongestant toxicity?

<p>Seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for discontinuation of phenylpropanolamine from all pharmaceutical products in 2000?

<p>Risk of hemorrhagic stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common drug involved in overdose cases in the category of analgesics?

<p>Acetaminophen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the production of the reactive intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) metabolite in acetaminophen overdose?

<p>Hepatotoxic sequelae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

<p>N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of NAC in patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to acetaminophen overdose?

<p>Enhancing oxygen utilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of liver failure in the U.S.?

<p>Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of toxicity for acetaminophen overdose?

<p>Accumulation of NAPQI metabolite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enhances ASA elimination and reverses metabolic acidosis in salicylate toxicity?

<p>Sodium bicarbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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