Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the addiction stage with its associated brain region:
Match the addiction stage with its associated brain region:
Binge/Intoxication Stage = Reward Pathway Withdrawal/Negative Affect Stage = Limbic system (Amygdala) Preoccupation/Anticipation Stage = Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
Match the addiction stage with its defining characteristic:
Match the addiction stage with its defining characteristic:
Craving Stage = Drug-cue associations activate the B process Withdrawal/Negative Affect Stage = Desensitization to natural rewards Binge/Intoxication Stage = Increased dopamine release Preoccupation/Anticipation Stage = Impairment in decision-making (Hypofrontality)
Match the brain system involved with its function in addiction:
Match the brain system involved with its function in addiction:
Basal Ganglia = Habit formation and 'autopilot' Limbic System = Emotional response and mood regulation Insula = Interoceptive awareness and cravings HPA Axis = Response to stress and negative affect
Match the effect of drug exposure with its outcome:
Match the effect of drug exposure with its outcome:
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Match the term with its correct description:
Match the term with its correct description:
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Study Notes
Addiction Stages and Neural Circuitry
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Binge/Intoxication Stage: Drug use initially activates the reward pathway, specifically the basal ganglia (striatum). This release of dopamine creates a pleasurable experience. Individual differences in dopamine receptor density (fewer D2 receptors) may contribute to a greater desire for stimulants. Learning processes form associations between the drug and cues predicting its availability, leading to habit formation in the basal ganglia. Eventually, dopamine release is triggered by cues rather than the drug itself.
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Withdrawal/Negative Affect Stage: The limbic system (amygdala) and stress system (HPA axis) become involved. "Anti-reward" or negative feelings develop. The reward pathway desensitizes to natural rewards, while natural rewards are impaired. Brain stress systems and the amygdala become activated, intensifying negative emotions.
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Preoccupation/Anticipation Stage: The prefrontal cortex (PFC), basal ganglia, and insula are key players at this stage. Executive function (decision-making) is impaired due to drug use-induced hypofrontality. The PFC becomes desensitized to natural rewards but shows increased sensitivity to drug cues, worsening cravings. The insula is highly sensitive to these cravings (interoception). The stress system and the ingrained basal ganglia habit loop remain active.
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Description
Explore the intricate stages of addiction, including binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. This quiz delves into the neural circuitry involved and how various brain areas influence addictive behavior. Test your understanding of how these stages interplay in the context of substance use.
