Adaptive Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies?

  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Passive immunity
  • Innate immunity
  • Humoral immunity (correct)

    • What is the role of antibodies in humoral immunity?

  • Kill host cells that harbor infectious microbes
  • Activate phagocytes to destroy microbes
  • Defend against intracellular microbes
  • Prevent extracellular microbes from invading tissue cells (correct)

    • Which type of immunity defends against intracellular microbes?

  • Passive immunity
  • Innate immunity
  • Cell-mediated immunity (correct)
  • Humoral immunity

    • What is the main role of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Kill host cells that harbor infectious microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the specificities of B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, whereas B cells can recognize many different types of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual, whereas passive immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiologic example of passive immunity?

    <p>Acquisition of antibodies during fetal life from mothers through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is especially important to defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological example of passive immunity?

    <p>Acquiring antibodies during fetal life from mothers through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>To prevent extracellular microbes from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the specificities of B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules, whereas T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual, whereas passive immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>To prevent extracellular microbes from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is especially important for defending against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To activate phagocytes to destroy microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the specificities of B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules, while most T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity confers long-lived resistance to the infection, while passive immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only physiologic example of passive immunity?

    <p>Acquiring antibodies during fetal life from the mother through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To kill host cells that harbor infectious microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of antibodies in enhancing the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes?

    <p>To opsonize microbes for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of humoral immunity?

    <p>To prevent extracellular microbes from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is induced in an individual by infection or vaccination?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of passive immunity over active immunity?

    <p>It induces a rapid immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>To prevent microbes from invading tissue cells and neutralize toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To kill host cells that harbor infectious microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the specificities of B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, while B cells can recognize many different types of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is induced by infection or vaccination, while passive immunity is conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of passive immunity over active immunity?

    <p>Passive immunity is useful for treating some immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from multiple donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only physiologic example of passive immunity?

    <p>Newborns acquiring antibodies from their mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response?

    <p>Passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in enhancing the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes?

    <p>To activate phagocytes to destroy microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cell-mediated immunity in defending against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells?

    <p>To kill host cells that harbor infectious microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of passive immunity over active immunity?

    <p>Passive immunity does not induce long-lived resistance to the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a situation where passive immunity is useful?

    <p>Treating immunodeficiency diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

    <p>To prevent extracellular microbes from invading tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is important for defending against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>To directly kill intracellular microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the specificities of B and T lymphocytes?

    <p>T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, whereas B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity is induced in an individual by infection or vaccination, whereas passive immunity is conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiologic example of passive immunity?

    <p>Newborns acquiring antibodies during fetal life from their mothers through the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of passive immunity over active immunity?

    <p>Passive immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response, whereas active immunity takes longer to develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in enhancing the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes?

    <p>To opsonize extracellular microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of when passive immunity may be used for emergency treatment?

    <p>Treatment of immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from multiple donors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies, whereas cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T lymphocytes that kill host cells harboring infectious microbes in the cytoplasm or nucleus?

    <p>To directly kill intracellular microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of active immunity over passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity induces long-lived resistance to the infection, whereas passive immunity does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of when passive immunity may be used for conferring immunity on an individual?

    <p>Transferring antibodies from an actively immunized individual to a non-immunized individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Adaptive Immunity and its Two Types: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity has two types: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
    • Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies.
    • Antibodies defend against extracellular microbes by preventing them from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins. They can also enhance the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes.
    • Intracellular microbes are defended against by cell-mediated immunity, which is mediated by T lymphocytes.
    • Cell-mediated immunity is especially important to defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes.
    • T lymphocytes activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been ingested and live within intracellular vesicles of these phagocytes.
    • Other T lymphocytes kill any type of host cells that harbor infectious microbes in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
    • The specificities of B and T lymphocytes differ in important respects. Most T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, whereas B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules.
    • Immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or vaccination (active immunity) or conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual (passive immunity).
    • Passive immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response, but it does not induce long-lived resistance to the infection.
    • The only physiologic example of passive immunity is seen in newborns, who acquire antibodies during fetal life from their mothers through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk.
    • Passive immunity is useful for treating some immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from multiple donors and for emergency treatment of some viral infections and snakebites using serum from immunized donors.

    Overview of Adaptive Immunity and its Two Types: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity has two types: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
    • Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies.
    • Antibodies defend against extracellular microbes by preventing them from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins. They can also enhance the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes.
    • Intracellular microbes are defended against by cell-mediated immunity, which is mediated by T lymphocytes.
    • Cell-mediated immunity is especially important to defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes.
    • T lymphocytes activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been ingested and live within intracellular vesicles of these phagocytes.
    • Other T lymphocytes kill any type of host cells that harbor infectious microbes in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
    • The specificities of B and T lymphocytes differ in important respects. Most T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, whereas B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules.
    • Immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or vaccination (active immunity) or conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual (passive immunity).
    • Passive immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response, but it does not induce long-lived resistance to the infection.
    • The only physiologic example of passive immunity is seen in newborns, who acquire antibodies during fetal life from their mothers through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk.
    • Passive immunity is useful for treating some immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from multiple donors and for emergency treatment of some viral infections and snakebites using serum from immunized donors.

    Overview of Adaptive Immunity and its Two Types: Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity has two types: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
    • Humoral immunity is mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies.
    • Antibodies defend against extracellular microbes by preventing them from invading tissue cells and neutralizing toxins. They can also enhance the uptake of extracellular microbes into phagocytes.
    • Intracellular microbes are defended against by cell-mediated immunity, which is mediated by T lymphocytes.
    • Cell-mediated immunity is especially important to defend against intracellular organisms that can survive and replicate inside cells such as phagocytes.
    • T lymphocytes activate phagocytes to destroy microbes that have been ingested and live within intracellular vesicles of these phagocytes.
    • Other T lymphocytes kill any type of host cells that harbor infectious microbes in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
    • The specificities of B and T lymphocytes differ in important respects. Most T cells recognize only peptide fragments of protein antigens presented on cell surfaces, whereas B cells and antibodies are able to recognize many different types of molecules.
    • Immunity may be induced in an individual by infection or vaccination (active immunity) or conferred on an individual by transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an actively immunized individual (passive immunity).
    • Passive immunity is useful for rapidly conferring immunity even before the individual is able to mount an active response, but it does not induce long-lived resistance to the infection.
    • The only physiologic example of passive immunity is seen in newborns, who acquire antibodies during fetal life from their mothers through the placenta and in the neonatal period from breast milk.
    • Passive immunity is useful for treating some immunodeficiency diseases with antibodies pooled from multiple donors and for emergency treatment of some viral infections and snakebites using serum from immunized donors.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of adaptive immunity and its two types: humoral and cell-mediated immunity with this quiz! Learn about the roles of B and T lymphocytes, antibodies, and how immunity can be induced or conferred. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the mechanisms of this crucial defense system. Don't forget to include keywords such as "adaptive immunity," "humoral immunity," "cell-mediated immunity," "B lymphocytes," "T lymphocytes," and "antibodies" in the description

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