Adaptive Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of adaptive immunity?

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

Adaptive immunity is specific and acquired over time, while innate immunity is non-specific and present at birth.

What role do B cells play in humoral immunity?

B cells produce antibodies that target extracellular pathogens.

What is the significance of memory in adaptive immunity?

<p>Memory allows the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively upon re-exposure to a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define specificity in the context of adaptive immunity.

<p>Specificity is the ability of the immune system to distinguish between various foreign antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T cells in cell-mediated immunity?

<p>T cells target and destroy intracellular pathogens and abnormal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is discrimination between self and non-self important for adaptive immunity?

<p>It prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own cells while responding to foreign antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to B cells upon encountering a foreign antigen?

<p>B cells become activated and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between natural active immunity and natural passive immunity?

<p>Natural active immunity is developed when the immune system produces antibodies after exposure to a pathogen, while natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another without the recipient's immune system responding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of artificial active immunity and explain how it works.

<p>An example of artificial active immunity is vaccination with the MMR vaccine, where weakened or killed pathogens stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do maternal antibodies provide protection to a newborn, and what type of immunity does this represent?

<p>Maternal antibodies passed to a baby through the placenta or breast milk provide temporary protection against infections, representing natural passive immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do memory cells play in natural active immunity?

<p>Memory cells are essential in natural active immunity as they allow the immune system to recognize and combat the same pathogen more efficiently if re-exposed in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of artificial passive immunity and provide an example of its application.

<p>Artificial passive immunity is important as it provides immediate but temporary protection against infections, such as receiving an antibody injection for rabies exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of humoral immunity?

<p>Humoral immunity is primarily effective against extracellular pathogens and toxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of Helper T cells in the immune response.

<p>Helper T cells assist in immune system functions by producing growth factors that stimulate B-cell proliferation and antibody production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cytotoxic T cells from other T cells?

<p>Cytotoxic T cells directly attack and kill infected or abnormal cells by releasing cytotoxic substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do Memory T cells serve in the immune system?

<p>Memory T cells recognize previously encountered antigens and are primed to respond quickly to reinfections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Suppressor T cells in immune regulation?

<p>Suppressor T cells inhibit the functions of cytotoxic and helper T cells, preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Natural Killer (NK) cells and their primary function?

<p>Natural Killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that attack and destroy target cells, including larger parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does natural immunity differ from artificial immunity?

<p>Natural immunity occurs without deliberate intervention, while artificial immunity results from deliberate actions, like vaccinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to T cells after their initial exposure to an antigen?

<p>After exposure to an antigen, T cells proliferate and differentiate into various types, including memory T cells and cytotoxic T cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adaptive Immunity

  • Adaptive immunity is a specific immune response acquired over time.

  • It is characterized by specificity, memory, and the ability to differentiate between "self" and "non-self".

  • This type of immunity is also called acquired immunity.

  • It is gained through exposure to a pathogen or through vaccination.

  • There are two main types: Humoral immunity and Cell-mediated immunity.

Humoral Immunity

  • This immunity is controlled by B cells (B lymphocytes).

  • B cells produce antibodies.

  • It primarily targets extracellular pathogens (like bacteria and viruses outside of cells) and toxins.

  • It works by:

    • B cells recognize and bind to antigens on pathogens.
    • Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which then secrete antibodies.
    • Antibodies neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction by other immune cells (like macrophages).

  • Memory B cells are generated, allowing for a faster and stronger immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Cell-Mediated Immunity

  • This immunity is controlled by T cells (T lymphocytes), which do not produce antibodies.

  • T cells directly attack infected or abnormal cells.

  • There are various types of T cells with specific roles:

    • Helper T cells (TH): Assist in the immune response, producing growth factors that stimulate B cell proliferation and differentiation, and enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity.
    • Cytotoxic T cells (TC): These "killer" cells destroy infected cells and some abnormal cells directly by releasing cytotoxic substances.
    • Memory T cells: These cells recognize previously encountered antigens, providing long-term immunity, and differentiate into various types of T cells for a quicker immune response.
    • Suppressor cells (Regulatory T cells): Function to suppress the activity of cytotoxic and helper T cells, preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own cells.

Natural Immunity

  • It develops naturally through exposure to pathogens in everyday life.

  • Types of natural immunity:

    • Natural active immunity: This type develops when the immune system responds to a pathogen, producing antibodies and memory cells.
    • Natural passive immunity: This type occurs when antibodies are passed from one person to another naturally, for example, from mother to baby through the placenta during pregnancy or breast milk.

Artificial Immunity

  • This type is acquired through deliberate exposure to a pathogen or its components, typically through medical intervention.

  • Types of artificial immunity:

    • Artificial active immunity: This type develops when a person receives a vaccination, producing antibodies and memory cells without contracting the disease.
    • Artificial passive immunity: This type occurs when pre-formed antibodies are directly transferred to an individual, providing immediate but temporary protection.

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Adaptive Immunity PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on adaptive immunity, including its characteristics, types, and mechanisms. This quiz delves into humoral immunity and the role of B cells in the immune response. Perfect for students studying immunology or related health sciences.

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