Adaptive Immunity Overview Quiz
26 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

  • It involves the production of antibodies.
  • It is specific to a particular pathogen.
  • It has a rapid response time. (correct)
  • It provides long-lasting immunity.

    • What is the role of MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules in T cell activation?

  • MHC molecules activate T cells independently of antigens.
  • MHC molecules suppress the activity of T cells.
  • MHC molecules directly recognize and bind to viral antigens.
  • MHC molecules present viral antigens to T cell receptors. (correct)

    • Which of the following events occurs during signal transduction in T cell activation?

  • T cells differentiate into memory cells.
  • T cells release cytokines to activate other immune cells. (correct)
  • T cells directly kill infected cells.
  • T cells produce antibodies to target specific pathogens.

    • Which of the following best describes the relationship between T cell receptors and antigens?

    <p>T cell receptors only recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T cells in adaptive immunity?

    <p>T cells directly kill infected cells and tumor cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an individual with Type B blood receives a blood transfusion from a donor with Type A blood?

    <p>Agglutination occurs, as anti-A antibodies in the recipient's plasma react with the A antigens on the donor's red blood cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following blood types can a person with Type AB blood receive safely?

    <p>Any blood type, as they are considered universal recipients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the development of anti-D antibodies in Rh-negative individuals?

    <p>Exposure to Rh-positive blood through a blood transfusion or pregnancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can result from Rh incompatibility between a mother and her fetus?

    <p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), characterized by anemia, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do doctors prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in Rh-negative mothers?

    <p>Administering RhoGAM, an anti-D immunoglobulin, to the mother during pregnancy and after delivery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does injecting anti-D antigen antibodies into an Rh- mother prevent the development of Rh disease in subsequent pregnancies?

    <p>The antibodies bind to and remove fetal red blood cells in the mother's bloodstream before they can trigger an immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cell is responsible for recognizing and destroying pathogens directly?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils?

    <p>Ingest and destroy invading pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells are NOT considered to be a phagocyte?

    <p>Plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendritic cells?

    <p>Present antigens to T lymphocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for the production of antibodies?

    <p>B lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is NOT a granulocyte?

    <p>Macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Provide a rapid response upon re-exposure to a specific pathogen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell presents exogenous antigen?

    <p>Dendritic cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a co-stimulatory molecule?

    <p>Fas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of helper T cells?

    <p>Secrete cytokines to activate other immune cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of an endogenous antigen?

    <p>A viral protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is triggered by the exposure of a non-pathogenic antigen?

    <p>Immediate hypersensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

    <p>O- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person with AB+ blood type needs a blood transfusion, what blood type(s) can they receive?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why knowing your blood type is important?

    <p>To identify potential genetic disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    T cell activation

    The process by which T lymphocytes become activated upon binding to MHC-antigen complexes.

    Innate Immunity

    Rapid, non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens.

    Adaptive Immunity

    Slower, specific immune response tailored to specific pathogens.

    MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)

    Molecules that present antigens to T cells to trigger their activation.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rh factor in pregnancy

    Connection between Rh factor compatibility and potential hemolytic disease in newborns.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cross-reactions in blood transfusions

    Occur when donor RBC antigens react with recipient plasma antibodies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Type B blood donor to Type A recipient

    Type B antigens on donor RBCs meet anti-B antibodies in type A recipient's plasma.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Agglutination prediction chart

    Indicates compatibility of blood types; + means agglutination, - means no reaction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hemolytic disease of the newborn

    Condition caused by Rh incompatibility leading to anemia and jaundice in newborns.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Anti-D antibody injection

    Injecting anti-D antibodies into Rh- mothers to prevent immune response.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    No immunological memory

    The mother doesn't remember the D antigen after initial injection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Subsequent pregnancy safety

    Rh- mother remains safe in future pregnancies with Rh+ fetus.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Types of white blood cells

    Different cells in blood that fight infections and foreign invaders.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Phagocytes

    Cells that ingest and destroy pathogens such as bacteria.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Granulocytes

    Type of white blood cell that contains granules with substances for immune response.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

    Cells that present antigens to T cells to trigger an immune response.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    MHC class II

    A protein found on dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells that presents exogenous antigens to activate helper T cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Function of Helper T cells

    Activated by MHC class II and cytokines, helper T cells stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells for immune response.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    MHC class I

    A protein located on all nucleated cells that presents endogenous antigens to activate cytotoxic T cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Activation of Cytotoxic T cells

    Involves dendritic cells and cytokines like IL-2 to attack infected or cancerous cells.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Immediate Hypersensitivity

    An allergic reaction that occurs rapidly upon re-exposure to a nonpathogenic antigen, potentially causing severe responses like anaphylaxis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Delayed Hypersensitivity

    An immune response that takes time to develop after exposure to a nonpathogenic antigen.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Blood Types

    ABO and Rh blood groups are important for blood donation, affecting compatibility and reactions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Importance of Knowing Blood Type

    Essential to avoid severe reactions during blood transfusions and organ transplants by ensuring compatibility.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Adaptive Immunity Overview

    • Adaptive immunity is a slower, specific immune response to pathogens.
    • It involves lymphocytes, specifically T cells and B cells.

    T Cell Activation

    • T cell receptors bind to antigens presented by MHC molecules.
    • This binding, along with co-stimulation, activates the T cell.
    • Signal transduction inside the T cell causes activation.
    • Two main types of T cells are Helper T cells (CD4+) and Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+).

    MHC Class I and II

    • MHC Class I molecules are found on all nucleated cells and present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
    • MHC Class II molecules are found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells and present exogenous antigens to helper T cells.

    T Cell Types and Functions

    • Helper T cells (CD4+) release cytokines to activate other immune cells like cytotoxic T cells and B cells.
    • Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) kill infected or cancerous cells through various mechanisms including perforin and granzymes or by activating the "death receptor" Fas.

    B Cell Activation

    • B cells can be activated by antigen binding to B cell receptors (BCRs).
    • Helper T cell activation plays a crucial role in B cell activation, especially for antibody production and memory.

    Immune Responses to Pathogens

    • Antibodies, from activated B cells, act as opsonins, making pathogens easier for macrophages to engulf.
    • Macrophages process and present antigens, activating other cells in the immune response.

    Immune Responses to Non-Pathogens; Allergy

    • Allergic reactions involve exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances (allergens)
    • Two main types are immediate hypersensitivity (IgE response) and delayed hypersensitivity.
    • Immediate hypersensitivity is a fast, often severe, response involving mast cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators.

    Blood Types and Transfusions

    • Blood type is determined by antigens on red blood cells (RBCs).
    • ABO blood group has A, B, AB, and O types.
    • Rh factor (positive or negative) is another important blood type characteristic.
    • Cross-reactions during blood transfusions occur if donor antigens trigger recipient antibodies, causing agglutination and hemolysis.

    Rh Factor and Pregnancy

    • Rh-negative mothers can develop anti-D antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood.
    • This can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn if the mother has subsequent pregnancies with Rh-positive fetuses.
    • Doctors can prevent this by administering anti-D antibodies to Rh-negative mothers.

    Preventing Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

    • Injecting anti-D antibodies into Rh-negative mothers during and after their pregnancy can prevent Rh-positive fetal blood from triggering an immune response.

    Summary

    • T cells activate through binding to MHC-bound antigens.
    • Immediate hypersensitivity is an exaggerated immune response.
    • Knowing blood types is crucial to avoid transfusion reactions.
    • Rh incompatibility during pregnancy can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
    • Doctors administer anti-D antibodies to Rh-negative mothers to prevent this.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSL301H Blood and Immune System Adaptive Immunity PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the adaptive immune response, focusing on T cell activation and the roles of MHC molecules. This quiz covers the function and types of T cells, highlighting their interactions and importance in immune defense.

    More Like This

    B Cell Activation Fundamentals
    23 questions

    B Cell Activation Fundamentals

    PatriLavender avatar
    PatriLavender
    BLOCK 3: IMM: (3.7) B-CELL ACTIVATION
    63 questions

    BLOCK 3: IMM: (3.7) B-CELL ACTIVATION

    .keeks. avatar
    .keeks.
    B Cell Development and Activation
    20 questions

    B Cell Development and Activation

    IrresistibleDune1507 avatar
    IrresistibleDune1507
    T-Cell Activation and Function
    13 questions

    T-Cell Activation and Function

    CourageousIsland avatar
    CourageousIsland
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser