Adaptive Immunity and Vaccination

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Questions and Answers

What type of immunity is developed when the host produces its own antibodies through an infection?

Vaccine-induced immunity

Artificial immunity

Passive immunity

Natural immunity (correct)

Which of the following describes vaccine-induced immunity?

Immunity acquired by antibodies transferred from mother to baby

Immunity developed through the introduction of a vaccine (correct)

Immunity gained from recovering from an illness

Immunity gained through environmental exposure

Which of the following vaccines contains a live version of the germ or virus?

mRNA vaccine

Toxoid vaccine

Live-attenuated vaccine (correct)

Inactivated vaccine

What is the term used for the process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination?

Immunization Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is provided when a person is given antibodies rather than developing them independently?

Passive immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of vaccines is associated with using components of the pathogen, rather than the pathogen itself?

Subunit vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT typically how passive immunity can occur?

Exposure to the infectious disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a vaccine?

To produce protection from a specific disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of live-attenuated vaccines?

They are made from weakened versions of germs Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is not typically associated with an inactivated vaccine?

Chickenpox Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine triggers a strong immune response by using specific parts of a germ?

Subunit, recombinant, conjugate, and polysaccharide vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding toxoid vaccines?

They focus on the specific toxins created by bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is prevented using an mRNA vaccine?

COVID-19 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about mRNA vaccines?

They alter a person's DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is effectively prevented by using a live-attenuated vaccine?

Rubella Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inactivated vaccines from live-attenuated vaccines?

Inactivated vaccines contain killed bacteria or viruses Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adaptive Immunity

Active Immunity: occurs when a host develops an immunological response producing the cells and factors responsible for immunity, lasting for a long period.
- Natural Immunity: Acquired through natural exposure to a disease organism.
- Vaccine-induced Immunity: Acquired through introduction of a killed or weakened form of a disease organism via vaccination.

Passive Immunity

Provided when a person receives antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through their immune system.
- Occurs when a baby receives antibodies from their mother through the placenta or breast milk.
- Also occurs through antibody injection protection against toxins like snake venom.

Vaccination

The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to generate protection from a specific disease.

Immunization

The process of becoming protected against a disease through vaccination. Often used interchangeably with vaccination or inoculation.

Vaccine

A biological preparation providing active acquired immunity to a specific infectious disease.
Contains an agent resembling a disease-causing microorganism, often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or surface proteins.

Types of Vaccines

Live-attenuated vaccines: Inject a live, weakened version of the germ or virus causing the disease, unable to reproduce in the body.
- Examples: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR), Rotavirus, Smallpox, Chickenpox, Yellow Fever.
Inactivated vaccines: Use a strain of bacteria or virus killed with heat or chemicals; dead version injected into the body.
- Examples: Hepatitis A, Flu, Polio, Rabies.
Subunit, Recombinant, Conjugate, and Polysaccharide Vaccines: Use particular parts of the germ or virus, triggering strong immune responses.
- Examples: Hib (Haemophilus influenza type b), Hepatitis B, HPV (Human Papillomavirus), Pneumococcal disease, Meningococcal disease, Shingles.
Toxoid vaccines: Use toxins created by bacteria or viruses to create immunity to specific parts of the bacteria or virus causing disease, not the entire organism.
- Examples: Diphtheria and Tetanus.
mRNA vaccines: Trigger an immune response from proteins they synthesize, inducing both cellular and humoral immunity.
- Examples: COVID-19.
Viral vector vaccines: Use a harmless virus to deliver genetic material that codes for a specific antigen.
- Examples: COVID-19.

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Description

Explore the concepts of adaptive immunity, including active and passive immunity, as well as the processes of vaccination and immunization. This quiz covers how natural and vaccine-induced immunity protect against diseases. Test your knowledge on these essential immunological principles.