Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of acute pain?
Chronic pain lasts longer than 3 months.
True
Name one type of pain that can result from nerve injury.
Neuropathic pain
Which type of pain is often associated with conditions like fibromyalgia?
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Match the following types of pain with their descriptions:
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Non-opioid analgesics are used for moderate to severe pain relief.
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What is one risk associated with using opioid analgesics?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason patients may prefer non-opioids over opioids?
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Opioid toxicity can lead to symptoms such as pinpoint pupils and unconsciousness.
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What is the primary concern when administering opioids?
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A decrease in blood pressure upon changing positions is called __________.
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Match the type of pain with its definition:
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What is an effect of dehydration that may relate to blood pressure?
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Diaphoresis can cause body temperature to lower by evaporation.
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What term describes the sensation of pain initiated by nociceptors?
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The antidote __________ can reverse opioid toxicity effects.
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Which mode of heat transfer involves direct contact?
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Nociceptors have the highest density in internal organs.
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List two common signs of orthostatic hypotension.
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In the PQRSTU pain assessment, 'P' stands for __________.
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What type of pain is described as originating from the skin, muscles, joints, and bones?
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Match the following types of heat transfer with their definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 rights of safe medication administration?
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A patient can safely take two different medications simultaneously without verifying potential drug interactions.
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What should you do if a medication prescription seems unclear or inappropriate for the client’s condition?
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Nebulized medications are converted from a medication solution into a _____.
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Match the insulin types with their descriptions regarding onset, peak, and duration:
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Which medication requires checking blood pressure and heart rate before administration?
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Sublingual administration allows the medication to bypass first-pass metabolic effects.
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What should be done immediately after a medication error occurs?
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When administering nebulized medications, it's essential to monitor the patient's _____.
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Match the type of insulin with its peak time:
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Which technique is essential before administering a subcutaneous injection?
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It is acceptable to leave prepared medications at the bedside until the patient is ready to take them.
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What role do bronchodilators play when administered via nebulization?
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The proper sequence for using a metered dose inhaler involves shaking the device, puffing it into the mouth, then waiting ____ minutes between puffs.
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Study Notes
Acute vs Chronic Pain
- Acute pain lasts from 30 days to 6 months and has a fast onset with an identifiable cause.
- Chronic pain persists for longer than 3 months, can be intermittent or continuous, and may lack a clear cause.
- Acute pain typically diminishes as the injury heals, associated with injuries, surgery, or childbirth.
- Chronic pain can impact quality of life and lead to disability, associated with conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia.
Cancer Pain vs Neuropathic Pain
- Cancer pain can be acute or chronic; not all cancer patients experience pain.
- Simple interventions can relieve pain in 90% of cancer patients.
- Pain types include nociceptive (stem from non-damaged nerves) and neuropathic (arising from damaged nerves).
- Neuropathic pain is characterized by sensations like numbness and tingling and often persists after the stimuli are removed.
Phantom Limb Pain
- Phantom limb pain is classified as neuropathic pain as the brain receives continued signals post-amputation.
Pain Management Education
- Opioid Analgesics: Used for moderate to severe pain; examples include morphine and fentanyl. Risks include respiratory depression and addiction. Administered through various routes.
- Non-Opioid Analgesics: Used for mild to moderate pain; examples are acetaminophen and NSAIDs. They pose less risk for dependence and may be used in conjunction with opioids.
Opioid Overdose and Safety
- Opioid toxicity occurs when excessive amounts overload the body, leading to symptoms like respiratory depression.
- Naloxone can reverse opioid overdose effects if administered promptly.
- Patients at risk include opioid-naive individuals and those on high doses or using sedatives.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Characterized by a drop in blood pressure upon changing positions, leading to dizziness and faintness.
- Can be caused by factors such as vasodilation, aging, and dehydration, requiring careful monitoring.
Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Radiation: Transfer of heat without contact (e.g., sun exposure).
- Convection: Heat transfer through air or water movement (e.g., wind).
- Evaporation: Cooling through vaporization (e.g., sweating).
- Conduction: Direct heat transfer through contact (e.g., ice pack).
Nociceptive Pain
- Nociceptors detect pain stimuli and are sensitive to thermal, mechanical, and chemical changes.
- Highest density in skin, lower in joints and tissues, and lowest in internal organs.
- Pain can be somatic (from skin, muscles, joints) or visceral (from internal organs).
Pain Assessment (PQRSTU)
- P: Onset, duration, and frequency of pain.
- Q: Quality and experience of the pain.
- R: Region and radiation of pain.
- S: Severity and intensity rating.
- T: Time of symptoms and current treatment effectiveness.
- U: Understanding of the pain's cause and its impact on daily life.
Safe Medication Administration
- Follow the “10 rights” of medication administration, ensuring patient identification and verifying medication orders.
- Monitor vital signs as needed and educate patients about their medications.
- Document medication administration accurately and address errors immediately.
Nebulizer Usage
- Nebulization converts medication into aerosol for respiratory treatments, often using bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
- Administered while patient is upright, inhaling slowly through a mouthpiece.
Insulin Administration
- Types include rapid, short, intermediate, long, and pre-mixed, each with specific onset, peak, and duration details.
- Administer insulin based on blood sugar management needs, timing with meals is crucial.
Sublingual vs Buccal Administration
- Sublingual: Medications placed under the tongue for rapid absorption; bypasses gastrointestinal effects.
- Buccal: Medications placed against the cheek; also avoids gastrointestinal degradation but may cause irritation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between acute and chronic pain. This quiz will cover key characteristics, duration, causes, and conditions associated with both types of pain. Understand how they impact quality of life and treatment approaches.
