Acute Stroke Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of stroke?

  • Transient Ischemic Attack
  • Ischemic
  • Hemorrhagic
  • Myocardial Infarction (correct)

What is the difference between stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

  • Absence of infarction
  • Both duration and absence of infarction (correct)
  • Presence of infarction
  • Duration

What is the definition of stroke according to the text?

  • A sudden focal neurological deficit
  • An acute neurological impairment
  • An interruption of blood flow to the brain
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the annual global incidence of stroke?

<p>15 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do 2/3 of stroke deaths and much stroke disability occur?

<p>Developing countries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3rd commonest cause of death worldwide?

<p>Stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of stroke in the next 48 hours following a TIA?

<p>Up to 8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stroke is the most common cause of all strokes?

<p>Ischemic stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?

<p>Atherothromboembolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the most commonly affected in ischemic stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (MCA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for stroke?

<p>Previous history of TIAs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is associated with contralateral face, arm, and leg weakness in stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (MCA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is associated with contralateral leg weakness and apraxia in stroke?

<p>Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is associated with contralateral homonymous hemianopia in stroke?

<p>Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acute stroke?

<p>Penumbra is larger than the infarction itself (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time window for thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke?

<p>4.5 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid for IV hydration in acute stroke?

<p>Normal saline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To identify the presence of hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the indications for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>No well-established acute infarct on CT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Presence of hemorrhage on CT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored to prevent worsening of stroke in fibrinolytic therapy?

<p>Blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a relative contraindication/precaution to fibrinolysis in stroke management?

<p>Recent gastrointestinal hemorrhage within 7 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>SBP &lt; 220 and DBP &lt; 120 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure reduction target for patients with mild to moderate hypertension post-stroke?

<p>10-15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antiocoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in stroke prevention?

<p>2-4 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical benefit for patients with carotid stenosis < 50% in secondary prevention of stroke?

<p>No surgical benefit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

<p>Trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Blood in the sulci of the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of stroke?

<p>Loss of power and immobility, feeding difficulties, dressing disability, disorientation, poor communication, incontinence, DVT, bed sores, contractures, pneumonia, depression, unemployment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for stroke?

<p>Exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of disability following stroke?

<p>Motor deficits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a stroke and a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

<p>Duration of symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Antiplatelet therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual global incidence of stroke?

<p>15 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is commonly associated with contralateral face, arm, and leg weakness in stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3rd commonest cause of death worldwide?

<p>Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Blood in CT is white (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time window for thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke?

<p>4-4.5 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Witnessed seizure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid for IV hydration in acute stroke?

<p>Normal saline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>CT scan shows acute infarct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To assess degree of injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>&lt; 140/90 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?

<p>Atherothromboembolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is most commonly affected in ischemic stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Hyperdensity in the subarachnoid space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for stroke?

<p>Hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

<p>Antiplatelet therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure reduction target for patients with mild to moderate hypertension post-stroke?

<p>&lt;140/90 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual global incidence of stroke?

<p>3rd commonest cause of death worldwide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>SBP &lt; 220 OR DBP &lt; 120 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time window for thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke?

<p>Within 6 hours of symptom onset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of ischemic stroke?

<p>Atrial Fibrillation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Blood in the sulci of the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a relative contraindication/precaution to fibrinolysis in stroke management?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

<p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of death worldwide after ischemic heart disease and cancer?

<p>Stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual global incidence of stroke?

<p>15 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

<p>Duration and absence of infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>&lt; 180/105 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acute stroke?

<p>It is irreversible and leads to dead tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>Between 140/90 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To determine the degree of injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

<p>High blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the contraindications for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

<p>Antiplatelet therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term effects of stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a relative contraindication/precaution to fibrinolysis in stroke management?

<p>Recent AMI within 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended blood pressure range for patients not eligible for fibrinolytic therapy in stroke management?

<p>SBP &lt; 220 OR DBP &lt; 120 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Blood in the sulci of the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)?

<p>Start with aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for fibrinolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Recent AMI within 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of stroke?

<p>Ischemic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time window for thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke?

<p>Within 3 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid for IV hydration in acute stroke?

<p>Normal saline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is associated with contralateral homonymous hemianopia in stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?

<p>Ischemic stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common artery affected in ischemic stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (MCA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for stroke?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic finding in CT scan for subarachnoid hemorrhage?

<p>Bilateral visual loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of stroke?

<p>Paralysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acute stroke?

<p>Flows through arterial system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To rule out other causes of symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?

<p>Ischemic stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a stroke and a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

<p>A stroke is permanent, while a TIA is temporary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for most patients with acute ischemic stroke?

<p>Supportive care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is commonly associated with contralateral face, arm, and leg weakness in stroke?

<p>Middle cerebral artery (MCA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of disability following stroke?

<p>Ischemic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time window for thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke?

<p>3 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a plain CT scan in stroke management?

<p>To rule out hemorrhagic stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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