Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Quiz

Acute respiratory infection is defined as an episode of acute symptoms and signs resulting from infection of any part of the respiratory tract or related structures (extending for less than 30 days).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measles (A), Mumps (B), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (C), Parainfluenza viruses (D), Influenza A and B (E), Adenoviruses (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumonia = Pneumonia Haemophilus influenza = Pneumonia, Meningitis Pertussis = Whooping cough Streptococcal pyogenes = Strep throat, Scarlet fever, Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of breastfeeding (A), Delayed and improper treatment (B), Lack of past immunological experience (C), Poor vaccine coverage (D), Malnutrition (E), Low birth weight (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low socioeconomic condition (A), Bad ventilation (B), Overcrowding (C), Large family size (D), Outdoor and indoor air pollution (E), Urban areas (F), Unhealthy child care practices (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect contact through contaminated objects (A), Direct contact through airborne droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 12 hours and 5 days, usually 48 hours, varying with the agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24 hours before onset and for 5 days after onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate ventilation (A), Avoiding smoking in households with children (B), Personal hygiene (C), Avoiding crowding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental sanitation (A), Symptomatic treatment (B), Adequate nutrition (C), Sterilization and disinfection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough (A), Enteric symptoms (B), Musculoskeletal symptoms (C), Fever (D), Otolaryngeal symptoms (E), Sputum (F), Shortness of breath (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune impairment (A), Pregnancy (B), COPD (C), Cancer (D), Type 2 Diabetes (E), Heart disease (F), Sickle cell anemia (G), Obesity (H), Cerebrovascular disease (I), Smoking (J), Chronic kidney disease (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary prevention (A), Secondary prevention (B), Primary prevention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An episode of acute symptoms and signs resulting from infection of any part of the respiratory tract or related structures (extending for less than 30 days).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemophilus influenza (A), Streptococcus pneumonia (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malnutrition (A), Age (B), Urban areas (C), Outdoor and indoor air pollution (D), Overcrowding and bad ventilation (E), Low birth weight (F), Presence of siblings in schools (G), Lack of breastfeeding (H), Large family size and low socioeconomic condition (I), Poor vaccine coverage (J), Delayed and improper treatment (K), Attending nurseries (L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insect bites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 5 days (range: 2-14 days)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athletes with cardiovascular health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disinfection and sterilization of contaminated objects, wearing masks and PPE, case detection, isolation and treatment, surveillance for contacts, social distancing, adequate nutrition, and environmental and occupational measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>diphtheria toxoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Live attenuated variant prepared from bovine tubercle bacilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A short-term illness (less than 30 days) caused by infection in any part of the respiratory system or related areas.

Infections affecting the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, and sinuses.

Infections affecting the lower respiratory tract, including the lungs, airways, and trachea.

A common viral infection of the nose and upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms like runny nose and sneezing.

Viruses responsible for over 90% of community-acquired upper respiratory infections.

Bacteria such as Pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae that can cause ARIs.

Infants and young children are at greatest risk due to a lack of immune experience and smaller airways.

LBW babies have a significantly increased risk of death from ARI than normal birth weight babies.

Protein-energy malnutrition and anemia weaken the immune system.

Protecting against infections like pertussis and measles by vaccination.

Overcrowded living conditions increase the spread of respiratory illnesses.

Indoor and outdoor air pollution, like cigarette smoke, worsens respiratory conditions.

The time between infection and the appearance of symptoms, typically 12 hours to 5 days.

The time the infected person can transmit the illness, from 24 hrs before to 5 days after the onset of symptoms.

Complex disease, not only respiratory, with potential systemic involvement.

Measures to prevent COVID transmission including masks, social distancing, vaccination etc.

Certain conditions, like diabetes, heart disease and cancer increase severity of COVID-19

Measures like hand hygiene, covering coughs/sneezes and avoiding crowded areas to limit infection spread.

Public health interventions like sanitation, supportive care for patients and isolating patients.

Washing hands frequently with soap and water to reduce transmission of infectious agents.

Preventive inoculation for developing immunity against specific diseases.

Purified pertussis vaccine, associated with fewer adverse effects compared to whole-cell vaccine.

An infection affecting the respiratory tract, lasting less than 30 days. It can include symptoms like cough, fever, sore throat, and difficulty breathing.

Infections that affect the upper respiratory tract, like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Examples include the common cold, pharyngitis, and otitis media.

Infections affecting the lower respiratory tract, involving the airways, lungs, and trachea. Examples include pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.

A mild viral infection of the upper respiratory tract causing symptoms like runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat.

ARI symptoms can include fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, difficulty breathing, and ear problems.

Infants and young children are more vulnerable to ARIs due to underdeveloped immune systems and smaller airways.

Babies born with low birth weight have a significantly higher risk of death from ARI compared to babies with normal birth weight.

Malnutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition and anemia, weakens the immune system, making children more susceptible to ARIs.

Crowded living conditions increase the spread of respiratory illnesses due to close contact and airborne transmission.

Indoor and outdoor air pollution, like cigarette smoke, irritates the respiratory system and increases the risk of ARI complications.

Practicing good hygiene, getting vaccinated for preventable infections, and avoiding crowded spaces can help prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses.

A complex disease caused by a virus, affecting not just the respiratory system but also other organs, possibly leading to various complications.

Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and weakened immune systems can make COVID-19 more serious.

A highly contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits, especially harmful to babies and young children.

Getting vaccinated against pertussis, usually combined with diphtheria and tetanus, helps protect against this serious infection.

Vaccines containing diphtheria toxoid protect against this serious bacterial infection, which can cause throat inflammation and breathing difficulties.

The BCG vaccine, given to newborns, provides partial protection against tuberculosis, a bacterial infection affecting the lungs.

Vaccines protect against bacterial meningitis, a serious infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

The Hib vaccine protects babies and young children against serious Hib infections, including meningitis and pneumonia.

Controlling outbreaks involves identifying and isolating infected individuals, treating them, and implementing measures like handwashing, social distancing, and disinfection.