30 Questions
What percentage of narrowing of lumen is typically associated with atherosclerotic disease?
≥70%
What is the primary reason for angina pain in stable angina?
Increased cardiac workload due to atherosclerosis
What is the characteristic of unstable angina that distinguishes it from stable angina?
Pain occurs with progressively increasing frequency
What is the primary consequence of a mildly stenosing plaque disruption?
Hemorrhage into the atheroma
What is the primary treatment for Prinzmetal variant angina?
Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers
What is the result of thrombus superimposed on a disrupted partially occluding plaque?
All of the above
What is the significance of unstable angina?
It is a precursor to subsequent acute MI
What is the role of vasoconstriction in atherosclerosis?
It reduces lumen size
What is the characteristic of angina pain in stable angina?
Episodic and associated with exertion or stress
What is the primary characteristic of angina pectoris?
Episodes of substernal chest discomfort
What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?
Inadequate perfusion
What is the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis?
It plays important roles at all stages of atherosclerosis
What is a major contributor to plaque buildup in the arteries?
A diet high in saturated and trans fats
What is a consequence of uncontrolled high blood pressure?
It damages the arteries and heart
Which of the following is a type of angina pectoris?
All of the above
What is a consequence of smoking on the arteries?
It damages the inner lining of the arteries
What is a consequence of severe anemia?
It leads to angina pectoris
What is a consequence of chronic stress?
It contributes to high blood pressure and inflammation
What is the primary purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
To detect abnormalities in heart rhythm
What is the main purpose of an exercise stress test?
To assess how well the heart tolerates physical exertion
What type of test uses sound waves to create images of the heart?
Echocardiogram
What is the purpose of a nuclear stress test?
To highlight areas of the heart with reduced blood flow
What is placed on the chest, arms, and legs during an ECG?
Electrodes
What is the primary purpose of a physical examination in diagnosing angina pectoris?
To assess vital signs and heart sounds
What does a cardiac CT scan help identify?
The presence and extent of coronary artery disease
What is the purpose of injecting a contrast dye during coronary angiography?
To provide detailed information about the coronary arteries
What does an ST-segment depression on the ECG indicate?
Myocardial ischemia
What is the goal of managing angina?
To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life
What is the gold standard for diagnosing significant coronary artery disease?
Coronary angiography
What does a T-wave inversion on the ECG indicate?
Previous episode of myocardial ischemia
Learn about the role of acute plaque change in disrupting mildly stenosing plaques, leading to rupture and ulceration. Understand how this can cause myocardial ischemia, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction.
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