Acute Otitis Media Treatment Goals and Guidelines

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the goals of treatment for Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

  • Promoting the use of decongestants
  • Preventing antibiotic resistance
  • Eradicating the infection (correct)
  • Reducing the need for observation

Which therapy is recommended for relieving pain and fever in AOM?

  • Antihistamines
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Decongestants
  • Acetaminophen or NSAID (correct)

What is the main concern regarding the use of alternative/complementary therapies for AOM?

  • Their adverse effects may be unpleasant (correct)
  • They have proven efficacy for AOM
  • They are more effective than antibiotics
  • They are routinely recommended by guidelines

When is surgical insertion of T-tubes most often considered?

<p>For the prevention of recurrent OM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key impact of immediate antibiotic treatment for AOM?

<p>It significantly shortens the duration of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with AOM become symptom-free within 24 hours even without antibiotics?

<p>~60% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT commonly used for classifying pneumonia in the last millennium?

<p>Chest X-rays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of 'typical' pneumonia according to the text?

<p>S. pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydophilia difficult to culture using standard techniques?

<p>They have unusual growth requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom used for epidemiological case-finding of pneumonia?

<p>Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the initial empirical antibiotic therapy for pneumonia patients according to the text?

<p>The patient's recent history and site of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns been changing in the context of pneumonia in recent times?

<p>Impact of vaccination programs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended empiric antibiotic for both children and adults with rhinosinusitis?

<p>Amoxicillin and clavulanate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is recommended for penicillin-allergic individuals with rhinosinusitis?

<p>Levofloxacin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent for most bacterial pharyngitis cases in adults?

<p>Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of symptom reduction when antibiotics are used for Streptococcal pharyngitis?

<p>~1 day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred oral antibiotic for treating Streptococcal pharyngitis due to its better bioavailability?

<p>Amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adjuncts are recommended for patients with a possible allergic inflammatory component to their rhinosinusitis?

<p>Nasal irrigation and intranasal glucocorticoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal treatment for blastomycosis dependent on?

<p>Severity of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major causes of morbidity from acute illness in the US?

<p>Respiratory infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal is preferred for severe cases of coccidiomycosis, especially in pregnancy?

<p>Amphotericin B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two antiviral medications can be used prophylactically during an influenza outbreak?

<p>Oseltamivir and zanamivir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition is fluconazole considered a better choice according to the text?

<p>Disseminated CNS infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccines are available for pneumococcus and H.influenzae type b?

<p>Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might life-long therapy be required for some patients with blastomycosis?

<p>To avoid relapses that occur after treatment stops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is only approved for children over 5 years of age?

<p>Zanamivir (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients might be prescribed long courses of oral itraconazole for blastomycosis treatment?

<p>Patients with severe or unresponsive blastomycosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What threatens the continued use of some quinolones as first-line therapy for respiratory infections?

<p>Resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antifungal is considered a better choice for severe coccidiomycosis cases except during pregnancy?

<p>Itraconazole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an appropriate treatment regimen for a patient with an uncomplicated LRI usually be determined?

<p>History, physical examination, chest radiograph, and properly collected sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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