Acute Otitis Media Treatment Goals and Guidelines
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the goals of treatment for Acute Otitis Media (AOM)?

  • Promoting the use of decongestants
  • Preventing antibiotic resistance
  • Eradicating the infection (correct)
  • Reducing the need for observation
  • Which therapy is recommended for relieving pain and fever in AOM?

  • Antihistamines
  • Topical corticosteroids
  • Decongestants
  • Acetaminophen or NSAID (correct)
  • What is the main concern regarding the use of alternative/complementary therapies for AOM?

  • Their adverse effects may be unpleasant (correct)
  • They have proven efficacy for AOM
  • They are more effective than antibiotics
  • They are routinely recommended by guidelines
  • When is surgical insertion of T-tubes most often considered?

    <p>For the prevention of recurrent OM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key impact of immediate antibiotic treatment for AOM?

    <p>It significantly shortens the duration of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with AOM become symptom-free within 24 hours even without antibiotics?

    <p>~60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly used for classifying pneumonia in the last millennium?

    <p>Chest X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of 'typical' pneumonia according to the text?

    <p>S. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydophilia difficult to culture using standard techniques?

    <p>They have unusual growth requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom used for epidemiological case-finding of pneumonia?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the initial empirical antibiotic therapy for pneumonia patients according to the text?

    <p>The patient's recent history and site of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance patterns been changing in the context of pneumonia in recent times?

    <p>Impact of vaccination programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended empiric antibiotic for both children and adults with rhinosinusitis?

    <p>Amoxicillin and clavulanate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is recommended for penicillin-allergic individuals with rhinosinusitis?

    <p>Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent for most bacterial pharyngitis cases in adults?

    <p>Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of symptom reduction when antibiotics are used for Streptococcal pharyngitis?

    <p>~1 day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred oral antibiotic for treating Streptococcal pharyngitis due to its better bioavailability?

    <p>Amoxicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adjuncts are recommended for patients with a possible allergic inflammatory component to their rhinosinusitis?

    <p>Nasal irrigation and intranasal glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal treatment for blastomycosis dependent on?

    <p>Severity of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major causes of morbidity from acute illness in the US?

    <p>Respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal is preferred for severe cases of coccidiomycosis, especially in pregnancy?

    <p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two antiviral medications can be used prophylactically during an influenza outbreak?

    <p>Oseltamivir and zanamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition is fluconazole considered a better choice according to the text?

    <p>Disseminated CNS infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccines are available for pneumococcus and H.influenzae type b?

    <p>Polyvalent polysaccharide vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might life-long therapy be required for some patients with blastomycosis?

    <p>To avoid relapses that occur after treatment stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is only approved for children over 5 years of age?

    <p>Zanamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patients might be prescribed long courses of oral itraconazole for blastomycosis treatment?

    <p>Patients with severe or unresponsive blastomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What threatens the continued use of some quinolones as first-line therapy for respiratory infections?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal is considered a better choice for severe coccidiomycosis cases except during pregnancy?

    <p>Itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an appropriate treatment regimen for a patient with an uncomplicated LRI usually be determined?

    <p>History, physical examination, chest radiograph, and properly collected sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

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