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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of acute liver failure?
Which physical condition is not associated with the clinical picture of liver cell failure?
What is the cause of the musty, pungent odor of the breath in liver cell failure?
How might ascites develop in acute liver failure?
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What is one of the manifestations of liver cell failure related to hematological issues?
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Which of the following is not mentioned as a cause of acute liver failure?
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What is one of the manifestations of liver cell failure related to hematological issues?
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Why does the musty, pungent odor of the breath occur in liver cell failure?
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What may develop either acute or gradually in liver cell failure?
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Which physical condition is not associated with the clinical picture of liver cell failure?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of acute liver failure?
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What is the primary reason for the development of ascites in acute liver failure?
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Which manifestation of liver cell failure is related to the accumulation of vasodilator material (VDM) in the skin?
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What is the mechanism behind the development of fetor hepaticus in liver cell failure?
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What is the primary reason for the low grade, prolonged fever observed in acute liver failure?
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Study Notes
Causes of Acute Liver Failure
- Certain causes of acute liver failure include viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and ischemia.
- Conditions not mentioned as causes include gallstones or chronic fatty liver.
Clinical Picture of Liver Cell Failure
- Clinical manifestations include jaundice, coagulopathy, and hepatic encephalopathy.
- Physical conditions not typically associated are unrelated organ failures or systemic infections.
Breath Odor in Liver Cell Failure
- The musty, pungent odor, known as fetor hepaticus, arises from the accumulation of volatile organic compounds due to liver dysfunction.
- This smell occurs due to the impaired metabolism of toxins that accumulate in the bloodstream.
Development of Ascites
- Ascites in acute liver failure develops primarily due to portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia.
- Increased vascular permeability also contributes to fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.
Hematological Manifestations
- Liver cell failure can lead to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) due to splenic sequestration.
- Coagulation disorders often manifest as easy bruising or bleeding complications.
Symptoms and Conditions in Liver Cell Failure
- Acute liver failure can progress rapidly, with symptoms potentially appearing suddenly or developing gradually over time.
- Persistent low-grade fever in patients often results from systemic inflammation due to liver cell injury.
Skin Manifestations
- Accumulation of vasodilator material (VDM) in the skin leads to spider angiomata (angiomata), which are a common sign of liver disease.
Key Symptoms Recap
- Manifestations such as encephalopathy, jaundice, and altered bleeding tendencies are critical in assessing liver cell failure.
- Recognizing the unique breath odor and skin changes aids in diagnosis and management of liver conditions.
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Description
This quiz covers the etiology, clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment of acute (fulminant) liver failure. Topics include the causes such as viral hepatitis and chemical factors, as well as the clinical picture of liver cell failure, including symptoms like fatigue, anorexia, and fever.
