Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Tumors Quiz
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Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Tumors Quiz

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@EffectiveCthulhu

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common risk factor for HPV-positive squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx?

  • Excessive use of the voice
  • Tobacco smoking and/or alcohol abuse
  • High-risk human papillomavirus (commonly type 16) (correct)
  • Chronic irritation from heavy cigarette smoking
  • Which feature is typically seen in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis?

  • Localized to the true vocal cords
  • Recurrence after resection is uncommon
  • Usually due to low-risk HPV infections (types 6 and 11)
  • May extend into the trachea and bronchi, threatening the airway (correct)
  • What is the most common microscopic appearance of HPV-positive squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx?

  • Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (correct)
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
  • Verrucous carcinoma
  • What is the most common location for a Singer's nodule?

    <p>True vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about squamous papillomas of the larynx?

    <p>They are benign neoplasms that usually occur around the true vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignancy in the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of acute rhinitis with symptoms of coryza, sneezing, nasal congestion, and mild sore throat?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is most commonly associated with causing rhinoscleroma?

    <p>Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of allergic rhinitis involving mast cells?

    <p>Increased eosinophils in peripheral blood and nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to result in fibrous scarring, decreased vascularity, and atrophy of the epithelium and mucous glands?

    <p>Bacterial rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common tumor of the nasopharynx?

    <p>Adenoid cystic carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?

    <p>Inspiratory stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is angiofibroma?

    <p>A benign tumor of the nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common malignant nasal tumor?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of olfactory neuroblastomas?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases

    • Rhinitis is a common illness, caused by viruses, especially adenoviruses, and manifests with coryza, sneezing, nasal congestion, and mild sore throat.
    • Acute rhinitis types include:
    • Common cold
    • Allergic rhinitis (IgE type I immune reaction involving mast cells)
    • Bacterial infection (superimposed on acute viral or allergic rhinitis)

    Rhinoscleroma

    • Granulomatous inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
    • Primarily affects the nose, but also nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea
    • Caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
    • Endemic in Egypt

    Epistaxis

    • No specific causes mentioned

    Laryngitis

    • Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is a potentially life-threatening condition in infants
    • Caused by viral infection
    • Characteristics: harsh cough and inspiratory stridor

    Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract

    Nose, Nasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx

    • Angiofibroma: vascular neoplasm, adolescent males, common in posterior-lateral nasal wall and nasopharynx
    • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (previously known as lymphoepithelioma): most common in Southeast Asia and East Africa, caused by Epstein-Barr virus
    • Squamous cell carcinoma: most common malignant nasal tumor
    • Adenocarcinoma: 5% of malignant tumors, includes intestinal-type and non-intestinal-type cases
    • Olfactory neuroblastomas: arise from olfactory mucosa, usually in older male patients
    • Plasmacytoma: extraosseous form of plasma cell neoplasms
    • Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: aggressive mesenchymal malignancy, most common in young children

    Oropharynx

    • Squamous cell carcinomas: incidence is the vast majority of malignancies, risk factor is high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), especially type 16

    Larynx

    • Singer's nodule: small, benign laryngeal polyp, usually induced by chronic irritation and excessive use of voice
    • Squamous papilloma: benign neoplasm, usually around the true vocal cords, may rarely undergo malignant change, usually due to low-risk HPV infections (types 6 and 11)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) and tumors of the upper respiratory tract. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and characteristics of these conditions.

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