Acute Inflammation: Effects and Sequelae

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What is the usual outcome of acute inflammation when the injury is limited or short-lived?

Progression to chronic inflammation
Complete resolution (correct)
Healing by fibrosis
Abscess formation

What is necessary to prevent bystander destruction of tissues?

Prolong the inflammation
Increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Reduce the production of growth factors
Actively terminate inflammation (correct)

What happens to neutrophils during the resolution of acute inflammation?

They migrate to other tissues
They proliferate and enhance inflammation
They differentiate into macrophages
They undergo apoptosis (correct)

What is the role of macrophages during the resolution of acute inflammation?

They change character and promote repair (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cytokines are released during the resolution of acute inflammation?

Inhibitory cytokines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth factors during the resolution of acute inflammation?

They promote repair (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of lipids are produced during the resolution of acute inflammation?

Anti-inflammatory lipids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the sequelae of acute inflammation?

Abscess formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of acute inflammation failing to resolve?

Formation of a cavity and abscess formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the transition from acute to chronic inflammation?

The perseverance of the injurious agent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of healing by fibrosis?

Fibrin meshwork formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of defective inflammation?

Delayed wound healing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a beneficial effect of inflammation?

Dilution of toxins by edema fluid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excess inflammation?

Allergies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of increased vascular permeability in inflammation?

Entry of antibodies into extravascular space (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of chronic inflammation?

Fibrosis as a sequel of chronic infections (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

To delay bacterial spread (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a harmful effect of inflammation?

Swelling and edema (C) Signup and view all the answers

What mediates the acute-phase response during inflammation?

Cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?

Shock, as seen in anaphylactic reactions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cytokine-induced systemic reaction during inflammation?

Acute-phase response (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is digested during inflammation?

Adjacent viable tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of tissue necrosis during inflammation?

Life-threatening conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interferons during inflammation?

Contributing to the acute-phase response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary response to pyrogens in the hypothalamus?

∆PG synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical leukocyte count in bacterial infections?

15,000 to 20,000 cells/μl (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leukemoid reactions?

Accelerated release of cells from the bone marrow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical response to viral infections?

Lymphocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inhibititing TFPI in sepsis?

Increased thrombi formation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of septic shock?

Triad of liver failure, hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular failure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of liver failure in sepsis?

Hypoglycemia (B) Signup and view all the answers