32 Questions
What is the usual outcome of acute inflammation when the injury is limited or short-lived?
Complete resolution
What is necessary to prevent bystander destruction of tissues?
Actively terminate inflammation
What happens to neutrophils during the resolution of acute inflammation?
They undergo apoptosis
What is the role of macrophages during the resolution of acute inflammation?
They change character and promote repair
What type of cytokines are released during the resolution of acute inflammation?
Inhibitory cytokines
What is the role of growth factors during the resolution of acute inflammation?
They promote repair
What type of lipids are produced during the resolution of acute inflammation?
Anti-inflammatory lipids
What is one of the sequelae of acute inflammation?
Abscess formation
What is the consequence of acute inflammation failing to resolve?
Formation of a cavity and abscess formation
What is the primary reason for the transition from acute to chronic inflammation?
The perseverance of the injurious agent
What is the result of healing by fibrosis?
Fibrin meshwork formation
What is a consequence of defective inflammation?
Delayed wound healing
What is a beneficial effect of inflammation?
Dilution of toxins by edema fluid
What is the result of excess inflammation?
Allergies
What is the role of increased vascular permeability in inflammation?
Entry of antibodies into extravascular space
What is a consequence of chronic inflammation?
Fibrosis as a sequel of chronic infections
What is the purpose of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?
To delay bacterial spread
What is a harmful effect of inflammation?
Swelling and edema
What mediates the acute-phase response during inflammation?
Cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and IL-6
What is a potential consequence of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Shock, as seen in anaphylactic reactions
What is the result of the cytokine-induced systemic reaction during inflammation?
Acute-phase response
What is digested during inflammation?
Adjacent viable tissue
What is a potential consequence of tissue necrosis during inflammation?
Life-threatening conditions
What is the role of interferons during inflammation?
Contributing to the acute-phase response
What is the primary response to pyrogens in the hypothalamus?
∆PG synthesis
What is the typical leukocyte count in bacterial infections?
15,000 to 20,000 cells/μl
What is the characteristic of leukemoid reactions?
Accelerated release of cells from the bone marrow
What is the typical response to viral infections?
Lymphocytosis
What is the primary cause of septic shock?
All of the above
What is the result of inhibititing TFPI in sepsis?
Increased thrombi formation
What is the characteristic of septic shock?
Triad of liver failure, hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular failure
What is the result of liver failure in sepsis?
Hypoglycemia
Learn about the beneficial and harmful effects of acute inflammation, including sequelae such as resolution, abscess formation, and progression to chronic inflammation. Understand the systemic effects and how it resolves or heal by fibrosis.
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