Acute Inflammation Chapter 3: Lecture slides
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of kallikrein in the coagulation cascade?

  • Activator of thrombin
  • Inhibitor of thrombin
  • Inhibitor of factor XII
  • Activator of factor XII (correct)

    • What is the effect of bradykinin on blood vessels?

  • Vasoconstriction
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Vasodilation (correct)
  • Increased blood pressure

    • Which of the following is a product of the complement pathway?

  • Thrombin
  • Fibrin
  • C3a (correct)
  • Plasmin

    • What is the role of factor XII in the coagulation cascade?

    <p>Initiator of the coagulation cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of histamine on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) at low concentrations on vasodilation and vascular permeability?

    <p>It causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)?

    <p>Increased muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin 1 (IL-1) on the body?

    <p>They have a systemic effect, leading to fever and increased cytokine production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased procoagulant activity in fibroblasts?

    <p>Decreased anticoagulant activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) on leukocytes?

    <p>It enhances leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased cytokine production in the body?

    <p>Increased production of Acute Phase Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prostaglandins PGI2, PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eicosanoid is a powerful chemotactant for neutrophils?

    <p>Leukotrienes B4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anandamide and endocannabinoids on the body?

    <p>Decrease pain and improve mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of platelets in eicosanoid synthesis?

    <p>They produce thromboxane synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, according to Molina-Ortega et al.?

    <p>It decreases pain perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipoxins in the body?

    <p>They limit the inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediator of acute inflammation increases vascular permeability and is involved in chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion?

    <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in modulating inflammatory response?

    <p>Inhibition of cell activity through cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in pain modulation during acute inflammation?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Piezo1 mechanoreceptors in acute inflammation?

    <p>Ion channels coupled with cytoplasm proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in modulation of inflammatory cell activity?

    <p>cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in acute inflammation?

    <p>Enhancement of inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemical mediators in inflammation?

    <p>To induce an inflammatory response by recruiting circulating leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are responsible for releasing histamine in response to physical injury?

    <p>Mast cells, blood basophils, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of serotonin on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of substance P in inflammation?

    <p>To enhance the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of chemical mediators in the body?

    <p>They are tightly regulated and decay quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of plasma-derived mediators?

    <p>Circulating in the plasma in precursor form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of SOD's conversion of superoxide?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the switch from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines in the termination of acute inflammation?

    <p>Production of growth factors by macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of 'frustrated phagocytosis' in tissues?

    <p>Release of lysosomal enzymes and ROS into extracellular tissue material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MPO in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of neutrophils in tissues during acute inflammation?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis within a few hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of 'hyper-reaction' against environmental substances during acute inflammation?

    <p>Allergies and asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in acute inflammation?

    <p>To recognize general patterns in microbes and induce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors recognize molecule released by cell damage or other pro-inflammatory molecules?

    <p>Damage &amp; danger receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Inflammasome in acute inflammation?

    <p>To recruit cytokines (IL-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors change smooth muscle tone in blood vessel walls?

    <p>Mechanoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of local cells in acute inflammation?

    <p>To present microbe fragments to immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the recognition of microbes, and of damaged or necrotic cells by receptors and circulating proteins?

    <p>Induction of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?

    <p>Accumulation of fluid in the extracellular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of pus and contains neutrophils and necrotic cells?

    <p>Purulent inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of defects in leukocyte function, specifically in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

    <p>Genetic deficiency in NADPH oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of acute inflammation where there is extensive necrosis, abundant fibrin deposit, and decreased resources for regeneration?

    <p>Scarring and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1?

    <p>Recurrent infections and delayed wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ulcerative inflammation?

    <p>Shedding of necrotic tissue at the surface of an organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of circulating proteins in the body?

    <p>To stimulate inflammation and remove microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the recognition of pathogens in the blood?

    <p>Manose binding lectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of vasoconstriction in acute inflammation?

    <p>Decreased blood flow and increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histamine in acute inflammation?

    <p>To stimulate vasodilation and increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the cellular component of acute inflammation?

    <p>Recruitment and migration of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in acute inflammation?

    <p>To recognize and engulf pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?

    <p>Exudate formation and protein-rich fluid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is involved in the resolution of acute inflammation?

    <p>Resolution and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in acute inflammation?

    <p>To recruit and activate leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Slow onset and prolonged duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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