57 Questions
What is the role of kallikrein in the coagulation cascade?
Activator of factor XII
What is the effect of bradykinin on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
Which of the following is a product of the complement pathway?
C3a
What is the role of factor XII in the coagulation cascade?
Initiator of the coagulation cascade
What is the effect of histamine on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
What is the effect of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) at low concentrations on vasodilation and vascular permeability?
It causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.
Which of the following is NOT a function of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)?
Increased muscle contraction
What is the effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin 1 (IL-1) on the body?
They have a systemic effect, leading to fever and increased cytokine production.
What is the result of increased procoagulant activity in fibroblasts?
Decreased anticoagulant activity
What is the effect of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) on leukocytes?
It enhances leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis.
What is the result of increased cytokine production in the body?
Increased production of Acute Phase Proteins
What is the effect of prostaglandins PGI2, PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
Which eicosanoid is a powerful chemotactant for neutrophils?
Leukotrienes B4
What is the effect of anandamide and endocannabinoids on the body?
Decrease pain and improve mood
What is the role of platelets in eicosanoid synthesis?
They produce thromboxane synthase
What is the effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, according to Molina-Ortega et al.?
It decreases pain perception
What is the role of lipoxins in the body?
They limit the inflammation
Which mediator of acute inflammation increases vascular permeability and is involved in chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in modulating inflammatory response?
Inhibition of cell activity through cAMP
Which of the following is involved in pain modulation during acute inflammation?
Bradykinin
What is the role of Piezo1 mechanoreceptors in acute inflammation?
Ion channels coupled with cytoplasm proteins
Which of the following is involved in modulation of inflammatory cell activity?
cAMP
What is the role of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in acute inflammation?
Enhancement of inflammatory response
What is the primary function of chemical mediators in inflammation?
To induce an inflammatory response by recruiting circulating leukocytes
Which type of cells are responsible for releasing histamine in response to physical injury?
Mast cells, blood basophils, and platelets
What is the effect of serotonin on blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
What is the role of substance P in inflammation?
To enhance the inflammatory response
What is the fate of chemical mediators in the body?
They are tightly regulated and decay quickly
What is the source of plasma-derived mediators?
Circulating in the plasma in precursor form
What is the product of SOD's conversion of superoxide?
Hydrogen peroxide
What is the result of the switch from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines in the termination of acute inflammation?
Production of growth factors by macrophages
What is the outcome of 'frustrated phagocytosis' in tissues?
Release of lysosomal enzymes and ROS into extracellular tissue material
What is the role of MPO in the inflammatory response?
Conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite
What is the fate of neutrophils in tissues during acute inflammation?
They undergo apoptosis within a few hours
What is the result of 'hyper-reaction' against environmental substances during acute inflammation?
Allergies and asthma
What is the primary function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in acute inflammation?
To recognize general patterns in microbes and induce inflammation
Which type of receptors recognize molecule released by cell damage or other pro-inflammatory molecules?
Damage & danger receptors
What is the function of the Inflammasome in acute inflammation?
To recruit cytokines (IL-1)
Which receptors change smooth muscle tone in blood vessel walls?
Mechanoreceptors
What is the role of local cells in acute inflammation?
To present microbe fragments to immune cells
What is the result of the recognition of microbes, and of damaged or necrotic cells by receptors and circulating proteins?
Induction of inflammation
What is the result of increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Accumulation of fluid in the extracellular tissue
Which type of inflammation is characterized by the formation of pus and contains neutrophils and necrotic cells?
Purulent inflammation
What is the result of defects in leukocyte function, specifically in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Genetic deficiency in NADPH oxidase
What is the outcome of acute inflammation where there is extensive necrosis, abundant fibrin deposit, and decreased resources for regeneration?
Scarring and fibrosis
What is the result of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1?
Recurrent infections and delayed wound healing
What is the characteristic of ulcerative inflammation?
Shedding of necrotic tissue at the surface of an organ
What is the primary function of circulating proteins in the body?
To stimulate inflammation and remove microbes
Which of the following is involved in the recognition of pathogens in the blood?
Manose binding lectin
What is the result of vasoconstriction in acute inflammation?
Decreased blood flow and increased pressure
What is the role of histamine in acute inflammation?
To stimulate vasodilation and increase vascular permeability
Which of the following is involved in the cellular component of acute inflammation?
Recruitment and migration of leukocytes
What is the role of neutrophils in acute inflammation?
To recognize and engulf pathogens
What is the result of increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation?
Exudate formation and protein-rich fluid accumulation
Which of the following is involved in the resolution of acute inflammation?
Resolution and tissue repair
What is the role of cytokines in acute inflammation?
To recruit and activate leukocytes
Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?
Slow onset and prolonged duration
Test your knowledge of acute inflammation, including mediators, mechanisms of action, and associated pathways. This quiz covers chapter 3, pages 70-78 of the textbook.
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