Acute Inflammation Causes and Signs
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of chronic inflammation?

  • Short duration of inflammation
  • Rapid resolution of inflammation
  • Lack of tissue destruction
  • Prolonged duration of inflammation (correct)

    • Which immune cells are activated by immune receptors and cytokines in chronic inflammation?

  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Eosinophils
  • Mast cells
  • Neutrophils

    • What cells are predominant in granulomatous inflammation?

  • Eosinophils
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Neutrophils
  • Mast cells

    • What is the role of B-lymphocytes in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Mature to plasma cells and induce antibody-mediated responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause chronic inflammation?

    <p>Prolonged infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mononuclear cell infiltration in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Indicates persistent reaction to injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type fights parasitic infections in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

    <p>Calor = coldness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemotaxis in acute inflammation?

    <p>Enhancing leukocyte migration to the injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT involved in mediating local inflammation?

    <p>Complement C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inflammation involves mucous hypersecretion exclusively on mucous membranes?

    <p>Catarrhal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acute inflammation, what is the process that involves engulfment and fusion of phagosome with lysosome?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulus acts as an exogenous chemoattractant in acute inflammation?

    <p>Bacterial products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes hemorrhagic inflammation from other types of inflammation?

    <p>Involvement of microvascular injury with bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary functions of cell-derived mediators in acute inflammation?

    <p>Promoting increased vascular permeability and chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasodilation in acute inflammation?

    <p>Increasing vascular flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are transformed into epithelioid cells and multinucleate giant cells in immune granulomas?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of sepsis as described in the text?

    <p>Systemic vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is specifically related to fibroblasts as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fibroblast growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic abnormalities are associated with the healing and repair process according to the text?

    <p>Insulin resistance &amp; hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influences repair based on its location as discussed in the text?

    <p>Size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common systemic effect of immune granulomas as described in the text?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the repair process based on local factors?

    <p>Growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is typically termed 'permanent' based on its regenerative capacity?

    <p>Permanent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an area of granulomatous inflammation caused by insoluble particles that induce a cell-mediated immune response?

    <p>Immune granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an inflammation that involves the production of pus?

    <p>Purulent inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT involved in mediating local inflammation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PGE2 in acute inflammation?

    <p>Pain mediation &amp; fever induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inflammation is described as involving outpouring of thin fluid?

    <p>Serous inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus acting as an exogenous chemoattractant in acute inflammation?

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the repair process based on its location?

    <p>Local factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an area of granulomatous inflammation caused by insoluble particles inducing a cell-mediated immune response?

    <p>Foreign body granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell-derived mediator is responsible for chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion?

    <p>$LTB4$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Migration & chemotaxis of leukocyte' refers to which process in acute inflammation?

    <p>$Leukocytes moving towards injury site$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune cells are typically activated by immune receptors and cytokines in the context of chronic inflammation?

    <p>T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immune cells fights against parasitic infections during chronic inflammation?

    <p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasodilation in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Increased blood flow to the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is typically termed 'permanent' based on its regenerative capacity in the context of healing and repair?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia during the healing and repair process?

    <p>Hyperglycemia and reduced insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is specifically related to angiogenesis as mentioned in the text about immune granulomas?

    <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mononuclear cell infiltration in the context of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Prolonged immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT involved in promoting migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and monocyte chemotaxis during the repair process?

    <p>Epidermal growth factor (EGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes hemorrhagic inflammation from other types of inflammation in terms of cellular responses?

    <p>Excessive erythrocyte extravasation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the systemic effects commonly observed due to immune granulomas as described in the text?

    <p>Fever &amp; elevated acute phase proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are specifically mentioned to secrete NO, protease, cytokines & growth factors when activated?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic morphological feature of chronic inflammation that involves the replacement of lost tissue and proliferation of fibroblasts?

    <p>Repair involving angiogenesis &amp; fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type fights parasitic infections and is typically mediated by IgE in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of chronic inflammation linked to examples like cardiovascular disease, RA, and Alzheimer's?

    <p>Persistent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cell type matures into plasma cells and induces antibody-mediated responses in chronic inflammation?

    <p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of chronic inflammatory reaction where predominant cells are macrophages surrounded by a nodular aggregation of epithelioid macrophages?

    <p>Granuloma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are predominantly stimulated by the presence of microbes in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type is involved in the degranulation process by binding to the Fc portion of IgE antibody?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activated immune cells are specifically mentioned to be powerful phagocytic and secrete biologically active products like NO, protease, cytokines & growth factors?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

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