Acute Inflammation Causes and Signs

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of chronic inflammation?

  • Short duration of inflammation
  • Rapid resolution of inflammation
  • Lack of tissue destruction
  • Prolonged duration of inflammation (correct)

Which immune cells are activated by immune receptors and cytokines in chronic inflammation?

  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Eosinophils
  • Mast cells
  • Neutrophils

What cells are predominant in granulomatous inflammation?

  • Eosinophils
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Neutrophils
  • Mast cells

What is the role of B-lymphocytes in chronic inflammation?

<p>Mature to plasma cells and induce antibody-mediated responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can cause chronic inflammation?

<p>Prolonged infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mononuclear cell infiltration in chronic inflammation?

<p>Indicates persistent reaction to injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell type fights parasitic infections in chronic inflammation?

<p>Eosinophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

<p>Calor = coldness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemotaxis in acute inflammation?

<p>Enhancing leukocyte migration to the injury site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is NOT involved in mediating local inflammation?

<p>Complement C4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation involves mucous hypersecretion exclusively on mucous membranes?

<p>Catarrhal inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In acute inflammation, what is the process that involves engulfment and fusion of phagosome with lysosome?

<p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stimulus acts as an exogenous chemoattractant in acute inflammation?

<p>Bacterial products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hemorrhagic inflammation from other types of inflammation?

<p>Involvement of microvascular injury with bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary functions of cell-derived mediators in acute inflammation?

<p>Promoting increased vascular permeability and chemotaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasodilation in acute inflammation?

<p>Increasing vascular flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are transformed into epithelioid cells and multinucleate giant cells in immune granulomas?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of sepsis as described in the text?

<p>Systemic vasodilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is specifically related to fibroblasts as mentioned in the text?

<p>Fibroblast growth factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic abnormalities are associated with the healing and repair process according to the text?

<p>Insulin resistance &amp; hyperglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors influences repair based on its location as discussed in the text?

<p>Size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common systemic effect of immune granulomas as described in the text?

<p>Leukocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT listed as influencing the repair process based on local factors?

<p>Growth factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is typically termed 'permanent' based on its regenerative capacity?

<p>Permanent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an area of granulomatous inflammation caused by insoluble particles that induce a cell-mediated immune response?

<p>Immune granuloma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an inflammation that involves the production of pus?

<p>Purulent inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is NOT involved in mediating local inflammation?

<p>Serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of PGE2 in acute inflammation?

<p>Pain mediation &amp; fever induction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation is described as involving outpouring of thin fluid?

<p>Serous inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus acting as an exogenous chemoattractant in acute inflammation?

<p>Complement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the repair process based on its location?

<p>Local factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an area of granulomatous inflammation caused by insoluble particles inducing a cell-mediated immune response?

<p>Foreign body granuloma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell-derived mediator is responsible for chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion?

<p>$LTB4$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Migration & chemotaxis of leukocyte' refers to which process in acute inflammation?

<p>$Leukocytes moving towards injury site$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cells are typically activated by immune receptors and cytokines in the context of chronic inflammation?

<p>T-lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells fights against parasitic infections during chronic inflammation?

<p>B-lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasodilation in chronic inflammation?

<p>Increased blood flow to the affected area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is typically termed 'permanent' based on its regenerative capacity in the context of healing and repair?

<p>Neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia during the healing and repair process?

<p>Hyperglycemia and reduced insulin sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is specifically related to angiogenesis as mentioned in the text about immune granulomas?

<p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of mononuclear cell infiltration in the context of chronic inflammation?

<p>Prolonged immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is NOT involved in promoting migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and monocyte chemotaxis during the repair process?

<p>Epidermal growth factor (EGF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hemorrhagic inflammation from other types of inflammation in terms of cellular responses?

<p>Excessive erythrocyte extravasation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the systemic effects commonly observed due to immune granulomas as described in the text?

<p>Fever &amp; elevated acute phase proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are specifically mentioned to secrete NO, protease, cytokines & growth factors when activated?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic morphological feature of chronic inflammation that involves the replacement of lost tissue and proliferation of fibroblasts?

<p>Repair involving angiogenesis &amp; fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell type fights parasitic infections and is typically mediated by IgE in chronic inflammation?

<p>Mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of chronic inflammation linked to examples like cardiovascular disease, RA, and Alzheimer's?

<p>Persistent infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cell type matures into plasma cells and induces antibody-mediated responses in chronic inflammation?

<p>B-lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic pattern of chronic inflammatory reaction where predominant cells are macrophages surrounded by a nodular aggregation of epithelioid macrophages?

<p>Granuloma formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are predominantly stimulated by the presence of microbes in chronic inflammation?

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cell type is involved in the degranulation process by binding to the Fc portion of IgE antibody?

<p>Mast cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activated immune cells are specifically mentioned to be powerful phagocytic and secrete biologically active products like NO, protease, cytokines & growth factors?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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