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Questions and Answers
What usually precedes the onset of glomerulonephritis?
What usually precedes the onset of glomerulonephritis?
Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcal infections of the throat.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
It is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys.
What are common clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
What are common clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
- Hyperglycemia
- Reduced urine volume (correct)
- Proteinuria (correct)
- Hematuria (correct)
Chronic nephritis is always symptomatic.
Chronic nephritis is always symptomatic.
Which of the following may lead to acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following may lead to acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
One of the primary presenting features of acute glomerulonephritis is __________.
One of the primary presenting features of acute glomerulonephritis is __________.
What happens to BUN and serum creatinine levels as urine output drops in acute glomerulonephritis?
What happens to BUN and serum creatinine levels as urine output drops in acute glomerulonephritis?
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Hypertension is noted in 75% of cases of acute glomerulonephritis.
Hypertension is noted in 75% of cases of acute glomerulonephritis.
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Study Notes
Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.
- Occurs 2-3 weeks after streptococcal infection of the throat.
- Causes:
- Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcal infections.
- Bacterial endocarditis.
- Acute viral infections.
- Hepatitis B.
- HIV infection.
- Schistosomiasis.
- Leishmaniasis.
- Immunologic abnormalities.
- Free radicals.
- Vascular disorders.
- Medications, foreign serum, toxins.
- Pathophysiology
- Antigen-antibody complexes form in the glomeruli.
- Increased production of epithelial cells lining the glomerulus.
- Leukocytes infiltrate the glomerulus.
- Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane.
- Scarring and loss of the glomerular filtration membrane.
- Decreased glomerular filtration rate.
- Clinical Manifestations:
- Hematuria (blood in the urine).
- Proteinuria (protein in the urine).
- Reduced urine volume (oliguria).
- Elevated BUN and serum creatinine levels.
- Generalized edema.
- Hypertension.
- Azotemia.
- Protein casts in the urine.
- Headaches.
- Malaise.
- Flank pain.
- Elderly patients may experience circulatory overload with dyspnea, engorged neck veins, cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema.
- Diagnostic Measures:
- History, signs, and symptoms.
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