Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which virus is responsible for 50% - 75% of acute bronchiolitis cases?
Which virus is responsible for 50% - 75% of acute bronchiolitis cases?
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (correct)
- Influenza virus
- Adenovirus
- Rhinovirus
What age group is commonly affected by acute bronchiolitis?
What age group is commonly affected by acute bronchiolitis?
- Adolescents
- Children over 5 years of age
- Adults
- Children under 2 years of age (correct)
Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of acute bronchiolitis?
Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of acute bronchiolitis?
- Exclusively breastfed children (correct)
- Attending day care centers
- Exposure to cigarette smoke
- Gender (commoner in Males 2:1)
What is the main cause of reduced air flow in the bronchioles of babies living in crowded conditions?
What is the main cause of reduced air flow in the bronchioles of babies living in crowded conditions?
What is the immediate consequence of complete obstruction in the bronchioles?
What is the immediate consequence of complete obstruction in the bronchioles?
What is the primary reason for infants being most affected by this condition?
What is the primary reason for infants being most affected by this condition?
Which symptom is commonly associated with this condition as a result of critical chest retraction?
Which symptom is commonly associated with this condition as a result of critical chest retraction?
What is a common finding in the CXR of babies with this condition?
What is a common finding in the CXR of babies with this condition?
What is a recommended treatment for hypoxemic children with this condition?
What is a recommended treatment for hypoxemic children with this condition?
What is a possible prophylactic measure for preventing child-to-child transmission of this condition, particularly in hospitals or day care settings?
What is a possible prophylactic measure for preventing child-to-child transmission of this condition, particularly in hospitals or day care settings?
What is the prognosis generally like for babies with this condition, and during which period is it most critical?
What is the prognosis generally like for babies with this condition, and during which period is it most critical?
Acute bronchiolitis predominantly affects children over 5 years of age.
Acute bronchiolitis predominantly affects children over 5 years of age.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for 50% - 75% of acute bronchiolitis cases.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for 50% - 75% of acute bronchiolitis cases.
Exclusively breastfed children are less susceptible to acute bronchiolitis.
Exclusively breastfed children are less susceptible to acute bronchiolitis.
Exposure to cigarette smoke is not a risk factor for acute bronchiolitis.
Exposure to cigarette smoke is not a risk factor for acute bronchiolitis.
Acute bronchiolitis is primarily caused by bacterial infection of the distal bronchi and bronchioles.
Acute bronchiolitis is primarily caused by bacterial infection of the distal bronchi and bronchioles.
Babies living in crowded conditions are at higher risk for developing acute bronchiolitis due to exposure to an older contact with a minor respiratory syndrome within the previous week.
Babies living in crowded conditions are at higher risk for developing acute bronchiolitis due to exposure to an older contact with a minor respiratory syndrome within the previous week.
Babies with acute bronchiolitis may present with poor feeding or refusal to feed.
Babies with acute bronchiolitis may present with poor feeding or refusal to feed.
A chest X-ray (CXR) is typically not necessary for diagnosing acute bronchiolitis.
A chest X-ray (CXR) is typically not necessary for diagnosing acute bronchiolitis.
The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis is widely accepted and uncontroversial.
The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis is widely accepted and uncontroversial.
Acute bronchiolitis can be prevented through periodic passive immunoprophylaxis with RSV monoclonal antibody (Palivizumab).
Acute bronchiolitis can be prevented through periodic passive immunoprophylaxis with RSV monoclonal antibody (Palivizumab).
The case fatality rate for acute bronchiolitis is generally high.
The case fatality rate for acute bronchiolitis is generally high.
Babies with acute bronchiolitis may present with prolonged expiratory rhonchi.
Babies with acute bronchiolitis may present with prolonged expiratory rhonchi.
Match the following viruses with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following viruses with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following epidemiologic risk factors with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following epidemiologic risk factors with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following symptoms with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following symptoms with their association to acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following prophylactic measures with their association to preventing acute bronchiolitis transmission:
Match the following prophylactic measures with their association to preventing acute bronchiolitis transmission:
Match the following pathophysiological features with their effects in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following pathophysiological features with their effects in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following clinical features with their presentation in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following clinical features with their presentation in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following investigations with their diagnostic or monitoring purposes in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following investigations with their diagnostic or monitoring purposes in acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following differential diagnoses with their distinguishing features from acute bronchiolitis:
Match the following differential diagnoses with their distinguishing features from acute bronchiolitis:
Study Notes
Acute Bronchiolitis
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for 50% - 75% of acute bronchiolitis cases.
- Acute bronchiolitis commonly affects infants under 1 year of age.
- Exclusively breastfed children are less susceptible to acute bronchiolitis.
- Exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor for acute bronchiolitis.
Pathophysiology
- Reduced air flow in the bronchioles of babies living in crowded conditions is mainly caused by viral infection.
- Complete obstruction in the bronchioles leads to respiratory failure.
- Infants are most affected by this condition due to their narrow airways and immaturity of the immune system.
Clinical Features
- Critical chest retraction is often associated with nasal flaring and grunting.
- Babies with acute bronchiolitis may present with poor feeding or refusal to feed.
- Prolonged expiratory rhonchi may be present.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- A chest X-ray (CXR) is not typically necessary for diagnosing acute bronchiolitis.
- Oxygen therapy is a recommended treatment for hypoxemic children with this condition.
- Corticosteroids are not widely accepted for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis.
Prophylaxis and Prevention
- Periodic passive immunoprophylaxis with RSV monoclonal antibody (Palivizumab) is a possible prophylactic measure for preventing child-to-child transmission of this condition.
- Avoiding crowded conditions and improving ventilation can reduce the risk of acute bronchiolitis.
Prognosis
- The prognosis for babies with acute bronchiolitis is generally good, with most Recovering within 1-2 weeks.
- The most critical period is usually the first few days after onset.
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Description
Test your knowledge of acute bronchiolitis with this clinical case quiz featuring a 12-month-old boy presenting with cough, fever, and noisy breathing. Explore the patient's history, examination findings, and possible diagnosis.
