Activity Series of Metals

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic primarily distinguishes transition elements from representative elements?

  • Their melting and boiling points are relatively low.
  • They are found in the s and p blocks of the periodic table.
  • Their ability to form colorful compounds and exhibit high melting and boiling points. (correct)
  • They tend to form ionic compounds with other elements.

In the context of the activity series, which statement accurately relates a metal's reactivity to its reactions with solutions?

  • A metal's reactivity is unrelated to the number of solutions it reacts with.
  • The least reactive metal reacts with the most solutions.
  • The most reactive metal is the one that reacts with the most solutions. (correct)
  • The most reactive metal reacts with the fewest solutions.

When constructing a matrix to record observations for an activity series experiment involving metals and various solutions, what should be listed along the top of the matrix?

  • The observed reaction rates.
  • The atomic weights of the metals.
  • The metals being tested.
  • The solutions being used as reagents. (correct)

Which of the following options describes the correct procedure for testing the reactivity of a metal with a solution in an activity series experiment?

<p>Add the metal to a spot plate well, then add a fixed number of drops of the solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the typical location of transition metals on the periodic table, in which block are they primarily found?

<p>d-block (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of copper makes it a better choice for the Statue of Liberty than zinc, based on the activity series and resistance to corrosion?

<p>Copper is less reactive than zinc, making it more resistant to corrosion in atmospheric conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal is described as being in a 'free' state in nature, what does this imply about its chemical properties?

<p>It is inert or has very low reactivity and is found uncombined with other elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an activity series experiment, after observing the reaction between a metal and a solution, what is the correct way to dispose of the materials?

<p>Discard the contents into a waste beaker, ensuring any unreacted metal is returned. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the trend in reactivity as you move across a period (from left to right) among the transition metals?

<p>Reactivity fluctuates and does not follow a consistent trend. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you wanted to investigate whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu), which experimental procedure would be most appropriate?

<p>Place both gold and copper in a solution of gold ions and observe if copper displaces the gold. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of conducting an activity series experiment with various metals and solutions?

<p>To determine the relative reactivity of the metals and rank them accordingly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the location and characteristics of representative elements in the periodic table?

<p>They are found in the s and p blocks and tend to form ionic compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lab activity, what is the purpose of using 0.1M HCl in Part II of the experiment?

<p>To test the reactivity of different metals with an acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if, during the experiment, you notice that a metal is not reacting with a particular solution?

<p>Record the observation and proceed with the experiment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of elements includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens?

<p>Representative elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of inner transition elements distinguishes them from other categories of elements?

<p>Their characterization as rare earth elements found in the f block. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the electronic configurations of elements, what is the fundamental basis for organizing the periodic table into groups or families?

<p>Their similar electronic configurations and chemical properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Part I of the lab, why is distilled water included as one of the reagents?

<p>To test the metal's reactivity with a neutral substance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you find that Magnesium reacts the most, Zinc reacts less, Tin even less, Iron even less and Copper the least based on the observations, How do you order them based on their reactivity?

<p>Magnesium &gt; Zinc &gt; Tin &gt; Iron &gt; Copper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use a spot plate with multiple wells in this experiment?

<p>To allow for simultaneous testing of multiple metals with different solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When determining the activity series of several metals, what observation indicates that one metal is more reactive than another?

<p>It displaces the other metal from a solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Group 1A and Group 2A metals regarding their reactivity?

<p>Group 1A metals are generally more reactive than Group 2A metals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is the correct matrix to record the observations from part 1 of the experiment?

<p>Metals on the side, solutions are on the top. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a good safety percaution?

<p>Discard the contents of the wells in the waste beaker, making sure to return any unreacted metal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given that gold is the least reactive metal, how is it found in nature?

<p>Exists in a free state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the inner transition elements located?

<p>f block (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In this experiment, why are the wells on the plate observed for a few minutes?

<p>So that observations can be recorded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In this experiment, after the reaction occurs, what should be left?

<p>Unreacted metal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given your knowledge, where are metals likely to be found in nature?

<p>In uncombined form or readily complexed with other elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is placed on each of the wells in the spot plate in Part II of the experiment?

<p>5 different metals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a ranking of events help show?

<p>Its activity series. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the representative elements be found?

<p>s and p blocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of the following materials, which should be discarded with the rest?

<p>Unreacted metal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In part 1, after the piece of copper is placed, what should be added?

<p>5 drops of the KNO3 solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic primarily determines the organization of elements into groups or families in the periodic table?

<p>Their electronic configurations and chemical properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of elements is known for forming colorful compounds and generally possessing high melting and boiling points?

<p>Transition elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Part I of the activity series experiment, why is copper tested with multiple solutions like $KNO_3$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$, $Zn(NO_3)_2$, $CuSO_4$, $AgNO_3$, and distilled water?

<p>To compare the reactivity of copper with different metal ions and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to return any unreacted metal to the waste beaker after observing the reactions in the spot plate wells?

<p>To conserve materials and avoid environmental contamination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of constructing a matrix to record data in both Part I and Part II of the activity series experiment?

<p>To provide a structured way to organize and compare observations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of this experiment, what does a reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?

<p>The metal is more reactive than the metal ion in the solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal 'A' displaces metal 'B' from its salt solution, what can be inferred about their relative positions in the activity series?

<p>Metal 'A' is above metal 'B' because it is more reactive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of $0.1M$ hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) in Part II of the experiment?

<p>To react with metals and determine their relative reactivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Part I, after adding 5 drops of $KNO_3$ into a spot plate well with copper, what is the next immediate step?

<p>Observe the well for any signs of reaction over a few minutes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting the activity series experiment, what constitutes a 'displacement' reaction?

<p>When a metal reacts with a solution, causing the metal to corrode and ions of the metal in solution to plate out of solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the representative elements characterized by relatively low melting and boiling points compared to transition elements?

<p>Representative elements have weaker interatomic forces due to their electron configurations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between how transition and representative elements form compounds?

<p>Representative elements readily form ionic compounds, while transition elements form colorful compounds with other elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experimental context, what is the significance of observing the reactions in the spot plate wells over a few minutes?

<p>To ensure any slow reactions are observed and recorded. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the activity series help predict whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?

<p>By determining if a metal can be oxidized by a particular cation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes how the reactivity of metals generally changes within a group (vertical column) in the periodic table?

<p>Reactivity increases down the group due to decreasing ionization energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

<p>Atomic radius generally decreases due to increasing nuclear charge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, what is a common characteristic they share as representative elements?

<p>They all tend to form ionic compounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inner transition elements from transition and representative elements in terms of electron configuration?

<p>Inner transition elements primarily fill $f$ orbitals, transition elements fill $d$ orbitals, and representative elements fill $s$ and $p$ orbitals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the observation of gas evolution during the reaction of a metal with HCl in Part II of the experiment typically indicate?

<p>The metal is reacting to produce hydrogen gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is distilled water included as a reagent in Part I of the experiment?

<p>To act as a control to observe if metals react with water alone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you modify the procedure to test whether nickel (Ni) is more or less reactive than iron (Fe) using the same materials?

<p>Repeat the experiment with nickel reacting with iron(II) sulfate and iron reacting with nickel(II) sulfate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of knowing the relative activity of metals when considering corrosion?

<p>More reactive metals corrode more readily than less reactive metals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of steps for performing Part I of the experiment?

<p>Add metals to the spot plate, add solutions, observe, discard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lack of an observable reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?

<p>The metal is less reactive than the ion in the solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the metals handled with tweezers rather than bare hands?

<p>Tweezers prevents contamination of the metal samples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal reacts slowly with a solution when compared to a different metal, what does that reaction indicate about the metal in comparison?

<p>The metal is less reactive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from the reaction, what are some other observations that contribute to results?

<p>Any precipitation and color change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many spots do you put metal in Part II of the experiment using $HCl$?

<p>There are a total of 5 spots with a metal in each spot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reading the data, what is one element that indicates that a solution has reacted?

<p>Change in temperature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why arrange the metals by their reactivity?

<p>To produce an activity series. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the disposal of the experiment, where can you dispose the material after the reaction?

<p>Into a waste beaker. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In general, where can the transition metals typically be found in nature?

<p>Compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why place a spot of metal into each well of the spot plate?

<p>To get a reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the main group elements found?

<p>The s and p blocks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Copper used in the Statue of Liberty and not another metal?

<p>It is less reactive overall. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After Copper is put into the well, what has to be done next?

<p>Add 5 drops of a metal nitrate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are spot plates with multiple wells used?

<p>Multiple reactions can be analyzed at the same time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the list, what is the most reactive metal?

<p>Magensium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is important to rank the events after completion of the activity?

<p>Helps show the reactivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic of representative elements that distinguishes them from transition elements?

<p>Relatively low melting and boiling points. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the electronic configuration of inner transition elements differ from that of transition elements?

<p>Inner transition elements have electrons primarily filling the <em>f</em> block, while transition elements fill the <em>d</em> block. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the activity series, which of the following factors primarily determines the chemical activity of a metal?

<p>The metal's electronic configuration and its ease of losing electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is commonly associated with transition elements but not typically with representative elements?

<p>Ability to form colorful compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you observe that metal A reacts vigorously with $HCl$, while metal B shows no reaction. What can you infer about the relative reactivity of A compared to B?

<p>Metal A is more reactive than metal B. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Part I of the experiment, you test copper with several solutions. If copper reacts with silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$), but not with zinc nitrate ($Zn(NO_3)_2$), what does this imply about the relative activity of copper, silver, and zinc?

<p>Copper is more reactive than silver but less reactive than zinc. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal is higher in the activity series, what does this indicate about its likelihood of being found in a 'free' or uncombined state in nature?

<p>It is less likely to be found in a free state due to its high reactivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the experiment, you notice that magnesium reacts strongly with $HCl$, producing hydrogen gas. How does this observation support the concept of an activity series?

<p>It shows magnesium's ability to displace hydrogen, indicating its high reactivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the experimental procedure, what adjustments would be necessary to determine the relative activity of metals not included in the original list (e.g., nickel, lead)?

<p>Use the same procedure, testing the new metals against each of the original metal solutions and $HCl$. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does comparing the reactions of different metals with the same solution (e.g., $HCl$) allow you to establish a reactivity series?

<p>It reveals which metals displace hydrogen more readily, indicating their relative reactivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the general properties of elements, where would you expect to find elements with the highest ionization energies on the periodic table?

<p>On the right side (halogens and noble gases). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you found that a certain metal did not react with any of the metal nitrate solutions in Part I, but did react with $HCl$ in Part II, how would you rank its reactivity compared to the metals that reacted in Part I?

<p>Less reactive than all the metals in Part I, but still reactive enough to react with $HCl$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for discarding the contents of the wells in the waste beaker after each reaction?

<p>To prevent contamination and ensure accurate observation of subsequent reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the experimental setup, what is the purpose of including distilled water as one of the reagents in Part I?

<p>To serve as a control to observe if any reaction occurs with a neutral substance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you expect the reactivity of an alkali metal to compare with that of an alkaline earth metal in the same period?

<p>Alkali metals are generally more reactive than alkaline earth metals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the procedure account for the possible formation of a protective oxide layer on some metals, which might affect their observed reactivity?

<p>The procedure does not specifically account for oxide layers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of relative chemical activity of metals in real-world applications?

<p>Predicts corrosion resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a matrix for recording observations in this experiment?

<p>It provides an organized way to compare different reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is generally observed when transition metals react and form compounds?

<p>Colorful compounds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Part I, a metal is added to a solution containing a different metal's ions. What observation indicates a displacement reaction has occurred?

<p>The added metal dissolves, and the metal ions in solution plate out as a solid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the organization of the periodic table useful in studying the activity series of metals?

<p>Predict reactivity based on group and period trends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements explains the trend in reactivity as you move down a group among the alkali metals (Group 1A)?

<p>Increases due to a decrease in ionization energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During Part II of the experiment, if bubbling is observed after placing a metal in the well with 0.1M $HCl$, what is being produced?

<p>Hydrogen gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to add the reagents to the wells of the spot plate in a specific order (e.g., metal first, then solution)?

<p>To provide accurate observations of any initial reactions between the metal and the solution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement explains the trend in atomic size as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

<p>Decreases due to an increase in nuclear charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using tweezers to handle the metals in this experiment?

<p>To prevent contamination and avoid reactions with skin oils. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal shows no visible reaction with any of the solutions in Part I, what can be concluded about its reactivity compared to copper?

<p>It is less reactive than copper. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rank the metals based on the reactions such that magnesium reacted the most, zinc reacted less, tin slightly less, iron even less, and copper showed little to no reaction.

<p>Magnesium &gt; Zinc &gt; Tin &gt; Iron &gt; Copper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the experiment determine whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?

<p>Determining if a metal can displace another metal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the spot plate with multiple wells essential for simultaneously testing different metals and reagents?

<p>It allows multiple reactions to be observed and compared at the same time in a controlled manner. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The objective of the experiment is to study the chemical activity, what does that help determine?

<p>Determine the reaction rate of reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the matrix is labelled, how should it be labelled?

<p>Rows as metals, Columns as solutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For safety, what is one good precaution?

<p>Clean spills as soon as they occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After recording the data, how should the unreacted materials be disposed of?

<p>Waste Beaker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the metals given, what is the best experimental design to determine whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu)?

<p>Test Au and Cu in $Cu(NO_3)_2$ and $Au(NO_3)_2$. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the activity series, how does the ranking show an indicator of events?

<p>How well they react. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to observe the wells for multiple minutes in a spot plate?

<p>To allow time for the reactions and the equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the reactions, what determines whether a metal is likely to be found in an uncombined state versus a combined state?

<p>Inertness toward other elements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where on the periodic table are the representative elements likely to be found?

<p>S and P block (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of steps to complete Part One of the experiment?

<p>Add metal, add the solution, record the data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an observation that the reaction has taken place?

<p>Form precipitate or bubble formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Element Categories on Periodic Table

Elements are categorized into representative, transition, and inner transition types.

Representative Elements

Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table; known as main group elements; tend to form ionic compounds.

Transition Elements

Elements in the d block of the periodic table; high melting and boiling points; form colorful compounds.

Inner Transition Elements

Elements in the f block of the periodic table; also known as rare earth elements.

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Activity Series

Ranking of elements based on their relative reactivity.

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Chemical activity

The tendency of a metal to react or corrode.

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Most Reactive Metal

Metals that react with the most solutions in an activity series experiment.

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Least Reactive Metal

Metals that react with the fewest solutions in an activity series experiment.

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Free State Metals

Metals found in an uncombined state due to low reactivity.

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Chemical Activity of Metals

Metals are organized into groups based on how they react with other substances.

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Periodic Table Organization

Elements are organized by shared characteristics and electron configurations.

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Periods

The horizontal rows in the periodic table

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Groups

The vertical columns in the periodic table

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Objective of Activity Series

To see how vigorously different metals react with various chemical solutions.

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Reactivity Matrix

A visual way to record metal reactivity with different solutions.

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Spot Plate

Use in a well to see if a metal reacts.

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Record Observations

Observations from each individual test.

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Waste Beaker Disposal

Proper disposal of used materials.

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Activity Series with Acids

To see how vigourisly different metals react with acid to produce hydrogen.

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Reaction with HCl

Shows the relative reactivity of the metals.

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Reactivity Matrix Setup

A matrix used to record observations of reactions between metals and reagents, listing reagents across the top and metals down the side.

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Characteristics of Representative Elements

Metals in the s and p blocks exhibit relatively low melting and boiling points and tend to form ionic compounds.

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Characteristics of Transition Elements

Metals in the d block are characterized by high melting/boiling points and colorful compounds.

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Characteristics of Inner Transition Elements

Metals in the f block that are also known as rare earth elements.

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Purpose of metal activity series

To examine the relative reactivity of common metals through displacement reactions.

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Periods on the Periodic Table

The horizontal rows indicating electron shell filling.

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Groups on the Periodic Table

The vertical columns indicating electron configurations.

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How to record metal reactivity

An organized chart to determine relative reactivity.

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Study Notes

  • The lab is titled "Chemistry Laboratory Activity #15 – Activity Series"
  • The experiment aims to study the chemical activity of common metals
  • The experiment aims to identify different groups and periods in the periodic table
  • The experiment aims to differentiate representative, transitional groups
  • Materials needed include: KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, CuSO4, AgNO3, distilled water, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Tin, Zinc, Dropper, Tweezer, 0.1M of HCl, and a waste beaker

Periodic Table Organization

  • The periodic table organizes elements into groups/families based on electronic configurations and chemical properties
  • Representative, transition, and inner transition elements are the three main element categories

Representative Elements

  • Representative elements reside in the s and p blocks, and are also known as main group elements
  • Representative elements have relatively low melting and boiling points, and tend to form ionic compounds
  • Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens are representative elements

Transition Elements

  • Transition elements are found in the d block
  • Transition elements have high melting and boiling points and form colorful compounds

Inner Transition Elements

  • Inner transition elements are located in the f block and are also known as rare earth elements
  • The inner transition elements have high melting and boiling points and a tendency to form complex ions

Procedure (Part I)

  • Create a matrix to record data, listing reagents (KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, CuSO4, AgNO3, distilled water) along the top and metals (copper, iron, magnesium, tin, zinc) along the side
  • Place a small piece of copper in each of 6 wells on a spot plate, then add 5 drops of KNO3 to well 1, Mg(NO3)2 to well 2, Zn(NO3)2 to well 3, CuSO4 to well 4, AgNO3 to well 5, and distilled water to well 6
  • After a few minutes, record observations
  • Discard contents of the wells in the waste beaker, ensuring any unreacted metal goes back in
  • Repeat using magnesium, zinc, and tin

Procedure (Part II)

  • Create a matrix for this section, with HCl as the reagent and copper, iron, magnesium, tin, and zinc as the metals to be tested
  • Add magnesium, zinc, tin, iron, and copper to each of 5 wells
  • Add 5 drops of HCl, then watch the wells for several minutes and record observations
  • Discard the contents of the wells in the waste beaker, returning any unreacted metal

Guide Questions

  • The most reactive metal is the one that reacted with the most solutions, while the least reactive metal is the one that reacted with the fewest solutions
  • An activity series is a ranking of elements based on their reactivity
  • Consider why the Statue of Liberty was made with copper instead of zinc based on the metals' activity series
  • Determine which material might have been a better choice than copper for the Statue of Liberty, and discuss why it wasn’t chosen
  • Consider which metal is most likely to be found in an uncombined or "free" state and which would be least likely to be found uncombined with other elements based on chemical activity
  • Devise an experiment to determine if Au is more reactive than Cu, including specific formulas in the answer
  • Group 1A metals are more reactive than group 2A metals
  • Assess whether transition metals from the experiment support the assumption that elements become less reactive as atomic number increases in a period

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