Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes transition elements from representative elements?
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes transition elements from representative elements?
- Their melting and boiling points are relatively low.
- They are found in the s and p blocks of the periodic table.
- Their ability to form colorful compounds and exhibit high melting and boiling points. (correct)
- They tend to form ionic compounds with other elements.
In the context of the activity series, which statement accurately relates a metal's reactivity to its reactions with solutions?
In the context of the activity series, which statement accurately relates a metal's reactivity to its reactions with solutions?
- A metal's reactivity is unrelated to the number of solutions it reacts with.
- The least reactive metal reacts with the most solutions.
- The most reactive metal is the one that reacts with the most solutions. (correct)
- The most reactive metal reacts with the fewest solutions.
When constructing a matrix to record observations for an activity series experiment involving metals and various solutions, what should be listed along the top of the matrix?
When constructing a matrix to record observations for an activity series experiment involving metals and various solutions, what should be listed along the top of the matrix?
- The observed reaction rates.
- The atomic weights of the metals.
- The metals being tested.
- The solutions being used as reagents. (correct)
Which of the following options describes the correct procedure for testing the reactivity of a metal with a solution in an activity series experiment?
Which of the following options describes the correct procedure for testing the reactivity of a metal with a solution in an activity series experiment?
Considering the typical location of transition metals on the periodic table, in which block are they primarily found?
Considering the typical location of transition metals on the periodic table, in which block are they primarily found?
What property of copper makes it a better choice for the Statue of Liberty than zinc, based on the activity series and resistance to corrosion?
What property of copper makes it a better choice for the Statue of Liberty than zinc, based on the activity series and resistance to corrosion?
If a metal is described as being in a 'free' state in nature, what does this imply about its chemical properties?
If a metal is described as being in a 'free' state in nature, what does this imply about its chemical properties?
In an activity series experiment, after observing the reaction between a metal and a solution, what is the correct way to dispose of the materials?
In an activity series experiment, after observing the reaction between a metal and a solution, what is the correct way to dispose of the materials?
Which of the following statements best describes the trend in reactivity as you move across a period (from left to right) among the transition metals?
Which of the following statements best describes the trend in reactivity as you move across a period (from left to right) among the transition metals?
If you wanted to investigate whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu), which experimental procedure would be most appropriate?
If you wanted to investigate whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu), which experimental procedure would be most appropriate?
What is the primary objective of conducting an activity series experiment with various metals and solutions?
What is the primary objective of conducting an activity series experiment with various metals and solutions?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the location and characteristics of representative elements in the periodic table?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the location and characteristics of representative elements in the periodic table?
In the lab activity, what is the purpose of using 0.1M HCl in Part II of the experiment?
In the lab activity, what is the purpose of using 0.1M HCl in Part II of the experiment?
What should you do if, during the experiment, you notice that a metal is not reacting with a particular solution?
What should you do if, during the experiment, you notice that a metal is not reacting with a particular solution?
Which group of elements includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens?
Which group of elements includes alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens?
Which characteristic of inner transition elements distinguishes them from other categories of elements?
Which characteristic of inner transition elements distinguishes them from other categories of elements?
Considering the electronic configurations of elements, what is the fundamental basis for organizing the periodic table into groups or families?
Considering the electronic configurations of elements, what is the fundamental basis for organizing the periodic table into groups or families?
In Part I of the lab, why is distilled water included as one of the reagents?
In Part I of the lab, why is distilled water included as one of the reagents?
If you find that Magnesium reacts the most, Zinc reacts less, Tin even less, Iron even less and Copper the least based on the observations, How do you order them based on their reactivity?
If you find that Magnesium reacts the most, Zinc reacts less, Tin even less, Iron even less and Copper the least based on the observations, How do you order them based on their reactivity?
Why is it important to use a spot plate with multiple wells in this experiment?
Why is it important to use a spot plate with multiple wells in this experiment?
When determining the activity series of several metals, what observation indicates that one metal is more reactive than another?
When determining the activity series of several metals, what observation indicates that one metal is more reactive than another?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Group 1A and Group 2A metals regarding their reactivity?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Group 1A and Group 2A metals regarding their reactivity?
Which of these is the correct matrix to record the observations from part 1 of the experiment?
Which of these is the correct matrix to record the observations from part 1 of the experiment?
Which of the following is a good safety percaution?
Which of the following is a good safety percaution?
Given that gold is the least reactive metal, how is it found in nature?
Given that gold is the least reactive metal, how is it found in nature?
Where are the inner transition elements located?
Where are the inner transition elements located?
In this experiment, why are the wells on the plate observed for a few minutes?
In this experiment, why are the wells on the plate observed for a few minutes?
In this experiment, after the reaction occurs, what should be left?
In this experiment, after the reaction occurs, what should be left?
Given your knowledge, where are metals likely to be found in nature?
Given your knowledge, where are metals likely to be found in nature?
What is placed on each of the wells in the spot plate in Part II of the experiment?
What is placed on each of the wells in the spot plate in Part II of the experiment?
What does a ranking of events help show?
What does a ranking of events help show?
Where can the representative elements be found?
Where can the representative elements be found?
Of the following materials, which should be discarded with the rest?
Of the following materials, which should be discarded with the rest?
In part 1, after the piece of copper is placed, what should be added?
In part 1, after the piece of copper is placed, what should be added?
What characteristic primarily determines the organization of elements into groups or families in the periodic table?
What characteristic primarily determines the organization of elements into groups or families in the periodic table?
Which category of elements is known for forming colorful compounds and generally possessing high melting and boiling points?
Which category of elements is known for forming colorful compounds and generally possessing high melting and boiling points?
In Part I of the activity series experiment, why is copper tested with multiple solutions like $KNO_3$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$, $Zn(NO_3)_2$, $CuSO_4$, $AgNO_3$, and distilled water?
In Part I of the activity series experiment, why is copper tested with multiple solutions like $KNO_3$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$, $Zn(NO_3)_2$, $CuSO_4$, $AgNO_3$, and distilled water?
Why is it essential to return any unreacted metal to the waste beaker after observing the reactions in the spot plate wells?
Why is it essential to return any unreacted metal to the waste beaker after observing the reactions in the spot plate wells?
What is the purpose of constructing a matrix to record data in both Part I and Part II of the activity series experiment?
What is the purpose of constructing a matrix to record data in both Part I and Part II of the activity series experiment?
In the context of this experiment, what does a reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?
In the context of this experiment, what does a reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?
If a metal 'A' displaces metal 'B' from its salt solution, what can be inferred about their relative positions in the activity series?
If a metal 'A' displaces metal 'B' from its salt solution, what can be inferred about their relative positions in the activity series?
What is the primary role of $0.1M$ hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) in Part II of the experiment?
What is the primary role of $0.1M$ hydrochloric acid ($HCl$) in Part II of the experiment?
In Part I, after adding 5 drops of $KNO_3$ into a spot plate well with copper, what is the next immediate step?
In Part I, after adding 5 drops of $KNO_3$ into a spot plate well with copper, what is the next immediate step?
When conducting the activity series experiment, what constitutes a 'displacement' reaction?
When conducting the activity series experiment, what constitutes a 'displacement' reaction?
Why are the representative elements characterized by relatively low melting and boiling points compared to transition elements?
Why are the representative elements characterized by relatively low melting and boiling points compared to transition elements?
What is a key difference between how transition and representative elements form compounds?
What is a key difference between how transition and representative elements form compounds?
In the experimental context, what is the significance of observing the reactions in the spot plate wells over a few minutes?
In the experimental context, what is the significance of observing the reactions in the spot plate wells over a few minutes?
How does the activity series help predict whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?
How does the activity series help predict whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?
Which best describes how the reactivity of metals generally changes within a group (vertical column) in the periodic table?
Which best describes how the reactivity of metals generally changes within a group (vertical column) in the periodic table?
What typically happens to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
What typically happens to the atomic radius as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
Considering the properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, what is a common characteristic they share as representative elements?
Considering the properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens, what is a common characteristic they share as representative elements?
What distinguishes inner transition elements from transition and representative elements in terms of electron configuration?
What distinguishes inner transition elements from transition and representative elements in terms of electron configuration?
What does the observation of gas evolution during the reaction of a metal with HCl in Part II of the experiment typically indicate?
What does the observation of gas evolution during the reaction of a metal with HCl in Part II of the experiment typically indicate?
Why is distilled water included as a reagent in Part I of the experiment?
Why is distilled water included as a reagent in Part I of the experiment?
How would you modify the procedure to test whether nickel (Ni) is more or less reactive than iron (Fe) using the same materials?
How would you modify the procedure to test whether nickel (Ni) is more or less reactive than iron (Fe) using the same materials?
What is the significance of knowing the relative activity of metals when considering corrosion?
What is the significance of knowing the relative activity of metals when considering corrosion?
What is the correct order of steps for performing Part I of the experiment?
What is the correct order of steps for performing Part I of the experiment?
What does lack of an observable reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?
What does lack of an observable reaction between a metal and a solution indicate?
Why are the metals handled with tweezers rather than bare hands?
Why are the metals handled with tweezers rather than bare hands?
If a metal reacts slowly with a solution when compared to a different metal, what does that reaction indicate about the metal in comparison?
If a metal reacts slowly with a solution when compared to a different metal, what does that reaction indicate about the metal in comparison?
Aside from the reaction, what are some other observations that contribute to results?
Aside from the reaction, what are some other observations that contribute to results?
How many spots do you put metal in Part II of the experiment using $HCl$?
How many spots do you put metal in Part II of the experiment using $HCl$?
When reading the data, what is one element that indicates that a solution has reacted?
When reading the data, what is one element that indicates that a solution has reacted?
Why arrange the metals by their reactivity?
Why arrange the metals by their reactivity?
During the disposal of the experiment, where can you dispose the material after the reaction?
During the disposal of the experiment, where can you dispose the material after the reaction?
In general, where can the transition metals typically be found in nature?
In general, where can the transition metals typically be found in nature?
Why place a spot of metal into each well of the spot plate?
Why place a spot of metal into each well of the spot plate?
Where are the main group elements found?
Where are the main group elements found?
Why is Copper used in the Statue of Liberty and not another metal?
Why is Copper used in the Statue of Liberty and not another metal?
After Copper is put into the well, what has to be done next?
After Copper is put into the well, what has to be done next?
Why are spot plates with multiple wells used?
Why are spot plates with multiple wells used?
From the list, what is the most reactive metal?
From the list, what is the most reactive metal?
Why is important to rank the events after completion of the activity?
Why is important to rank the events after completion of the activity?
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of representative elements that distinguishes them from transition elements?
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of representative elements that distinguishes them from transition elements?
How does the electronic configuration of inner transition elements differ from that of transition elements?
How does the electronic configuration of inner transition elements differ from that of transition elements?
In the context of the activity series, which of the following factors primarily determines the chemical activity of a metal?
In the context of the activity series, which of the following factors primarily determines the chemical activity of a metal?
Which of the following properties is commonly associated with transition elements but not typically with representative elements?
Which of the following properties is commonly associated with transition elements but not typically with representative elements?
Suppose you observe that metal A reacts vigorously with $HCl$, while metal B shows no reaction. What can you infer about the relative reactivity of A compared to B?
Suppose you observe that metal A reacts vigorously with $HCl$, while metal B shows no reaction. What can you infer about the relative reactivity of A compared to B?
In Part I of the experiment, you test copper with several solutions. If copper reacts with silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$), but not with zinc nitrate ($Zn(NO_3)_2$), what does this imply about the relative activity of copper, silver, and zinc?
In Part I of the experiment, you test copper with several solutions. If copper reacts with silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$), but not with zinc nitrate ($Zn(NO_3)_2$), what does this imply about the relative activity of copper, silver, and zinc?
If a metal is higher in the activity series, what does this indicate about its likelihood of being found in a 'free' or uncombined state in nature?
If a metal is higher in the activity series, what does this indicate about its likelihood of being found in a 'free' or uncombined state in nature?
During the experiment, you notice that magnesium reacts strongly with $HCl$, producing hydrogen gas. How does this observation support the concept of an activity series?
During the experiment, you notice that magnesium reacts strongly with $HCl$, producing hydrogen gas. How does this observation support the concept of an activity series?
Considering the experimental procedure, what adjustments would be necessary to determine the relative activity of metals not included in the original list (e.g., nickel, lead)?
Considering the experimental procedure, what adjustments would be necessary to determine the relative activity of metals not included in the original list (e.g., nickel, lead)?
How does comparing the reactions of different metals with the same solution (e.g., $HCl$) allow you to establish a reactivity series?
How does comparing the reactions of different metals with the same solution (e.g., $HCl$) allow you to establish a reactivity series?
Based on the general properties of elements, where would you expect to find elements with the highest ionization energies on the periodic table?
Based on the general properties of elements, where would you expect to find elements with the highest ionization energies on the periodic table?
If you found that a certain metal did not react with any of the metal nitrate solutions in Part I, but did react with $HCl$ in Part II, how would you rank its reactivity compared to the metals that reacted in Part I?
If you found that a certain metal did not react with any of the metal nitrate solutions in Part I, but did react with $HCl$ in Part II, how would you rank its reactivity compared to the metals that reacted in Part I?
What is the main reason for discarding the contents of the wells in the waste beaker after each reaction?
What is the main reason for discarding the contents of the wells in the waste beaker after each reaction?
In the experimental setup, what is the purpose of including distilled water as one of the reagents in Part I?
In the experimental setup, what is the purpose of including distilled water as one of the reagents in Part I?
How would you expect the reactivity of an alkali metal to compare with that of an alkaline earth metal in the same period?
How would you expect the reactivity of an alkali metal to compare with that of an alkaline earth metal in the same period?
How does the procedure account for the possible formation of a protective oxide layer on some metals, which might affect their observed reactivity?
How does the procedure account for the possible formation of a protective oxide layer on some metals, which might affect their observed reactivity?
What is the significance of relative chemical activity of metals in real-world applications?
What is the significance of relative chemical activity of metals in real-world applications?
What is the benefit of using a matrix for recording observations in this experiment?
What is the benefit of using a matrix for recording observations in this experiment?
What characteristic is generally observed when transition metals react and form compounds?
What characteristic is generally observed when transition metals react and form compounds?
In Part I, a metal is added to a solution containing a different metal's ions. What observation indicates a displacement reaction has occurred?
In Part I, a metal is added to a solution containing a different metal's ions. What observation indicates a displacement reaction has occurred?
How is the organization of the periodic table useful in studying the activity series of metals?
How is the organization of the periodic table useful in studying the activity series of metals?
Which of the following statements explains the trend in reactivity as you move down a group among the alkali metals (Group 1A)?
Which of the following statements explains the trend in reactivity as you move down a group among the alkali metals (Group 1A)?
During Part II of the experiment, if bubbling is observed after placing a metal in the well with 0.1M $HCl$, what is being produced?
During Part II of the experiment, if bubbling is observed after placing a metal in the well with 0.1M $HCl$, what is being produced?
Why is it important to add the reagents to the wells of the spot plate in a specific order (e.g., metal first, then solution)?
Why is it important to add the reagents to the wells of the spot plate in a specific order (e.g., metal first, then solution)?
Which statement explains the trend in atomic size as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
Which statement explains the trend in atomic size as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
What is the primary reason for using tweezers to handle the metals in this experiment?
What is the primary reason for using tweezers to handle the metals in this experiment?
If a metal shows no visible reaction with any of the solutions in Part I, what can be concluded about its reactivity compared to copper?
If a metal shows no visible reaction with any of the solutions in Part I, what can be concluded about its reactivity compared to copper?
Rank the metals based on the reactions such that magnesium reacted the most, zinc reacted less, tin slightly less, iron even less, and copper showed little to no reaction.
Rank the metals based on the reactions such that magnesium reacted the most, zinc reacted less, tin slightly less, iron even less, and copper showed little to no reaction.
How does the experiment determine whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?
How does the experiment determine whether a single-replacement reaction will occur?
Why is the spot plate with multiple wells essential for simultaneously testing different metals and reagents?
Why is the spot plate with multiple wells essential for simultaneously testing different metals and reagents?
The objective of the experiment is to study the chemical activity, what does that help determine?
The objective of the experiment is to study the chemical activity, what does that help determine?
If the matrix is labelled, how should it be labelled?
If the matrix is labelled, how should it be labelled?
For safety, what is one good precaution?
For safety, what is one good precaution?
After recording the data, how should the unreacted materials be disposed of?
After recording the data, how should the unreacted materials be disposed of?
Based on the metals given, what is the best experimental design to determine whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu)?
Based on the metals given, what is the best experimental design to determine whether gold (Au) is more reactive than copper (Cu)?
In the activity series, how does the ranking show an indicator of events?
In the activity series, how does the ranking show an indicator of events?
Why is it important to observe the wells for multiple minutes in a spot plate?
Why is it important to observe the wells for multiple minutes in a spot plate?
After the reactions, what determines whether a metal is likely to be found in an uncombined state versus a combined state?
After the reactions, what determines whether a metal is likely to be found in an uncombined state versus a combined state?
Where on the periodic table are the representative elements likely to be found?
Where on the periodic table are the representative elements likely to be found?
What is the correct order of steps to complete Part One of the experiment?
What is the correct order of steps to complete Part One of the experiment?
Which of the following is an observation that the reaction has taken place?
Which of the following is an observation that the reaction has taken place?
Flashcards
Element Categories on Periodic Table
Element Categories on Periodic Table
Elements are categorized into representative, transition, and inner transition types.
Representative Elements
Representative Elements
Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table; known as main group elements; tend to form ionic compounds.
Transition Elements
Transition Elements
Elements in the d block of the periodic table; high melting and boiling points; form colorful compounds.
Inner Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements
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Activity Series
Activity Series
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Chemical activity
Chemical activity
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Most Reactive Metal
Most Reactive Metal
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Least Reactive Metal
Least Reactive Metal
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Free State Metals
Free State Metals
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Chemical Activity of Metals
Chemical Activity of Metals
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Periodic Table Organization
Periodic Table Organization
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Periods
Periods
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Groups
Groups
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Objective of Activity Series
Objective of Activity Series
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Reactivity Matrix
Reactivity Matrix
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Spot Plate
Spot Plate
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Record Observations
Record Observations
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Waste Beaker Disposal
Waste Beaker Disposal
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Activity Series with Acids
Activity Series with Acids
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Reaction with HCl
Reaction with HCl
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Reactivity Matrix Setup
Reactivity Matrix Setup
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Characteristics of Representative Elements
Characteristics of Representative Elements
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Characteristics of Transition Elements
Characteristics of Transition Elements
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Characteristics of Inner Transition Elements
Characteristics of Inner Transition Elements
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Purpose of metal activity series
Purpose of metal activity series
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Periods on the Periodic Table
Periods on the Periodic Table
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Groups on the Periodic Table
Groups on the Periodic Table
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How to record metal reactivity
How to record metal reactivity
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Study Notes
- The lab is titled "Chemistry Laboratory Activity #15 – Activity Series"
- The experiment aims to study the chemical activity of common metals
- The experiment aims to identify different groups and periods in the periodic table
- The experiment aims to differentiate representative, transitional groups
- Materials needed include: KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, CuSO4, AgNO3, distilled water, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Tin, Zinc, Dropper, Tweezer, 0.1M of HCl, and a waste beaker
Periodic Table Organization
- The periodic table organizes elements into groups/families based on electronic configurations and chemical properties
- Representative, transition, and inner transition elements are the three main element categories
Representative Elements
- Representative elements reside in the s and p blocks, and are also known as main group elements
- Representative elements have relatively low melting and boiling points, and tend to form ionic compounds
- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and halogens are representative elements
Transition Elements
- Transition elements are found in the d block
- Transition elements have high melting and boiling points and form colorful compounds
Inner Transition Elements
- Inner transition elements are located in the f block and are also known as rare earth elements
- The inner transition elements have high melting and boiling points and a tendency to form complex ions
Procedure (Part I)
- Create a matrix to record data, listing reagents (KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, CuSO4, AgNO3, distilled water) along the top and metals (copper, iron, magnesium, tin, zinc) along the side
- Place a small piece of copper in each of 6 wells on a spot plate, then add 5 drops of KNO3 to well 1, Mg(NO3)2 to well 2, Zn(NO3)2 to well 3, CuSO4 to well 4, AgNO3 to well 5, and distilled water to well 6
- After a few minutes, record observations
- Discard contents of the wells in the waste beaker, ensuring any unreacted metal goes back in
- Repeat using magnesium, zinc, and tin
Procedure (Part II)
- Create a matrix for this section, with HCl as the reagent and copper, iron, magnesium, tin, and zinc as the metals to be tested
- Add magnesium, zinc, tin, iron, and copper to each of 5 wells
- Add 5 drops of HCl, then watch the wells for several minutes and record observations
- Discard the contents of the wells in the waste beaker, returning any unreacted metal
Guide Questions
- The most reactive metal is the one that reacted with the most solutions, while the least reactive metal is the one that reacted with the fewest solutions
- An activity series is a ranking of elements based on their reactivity
- Consider why the Statue of Liberty was made with copper instead of zinc based on the metals' activity series
- Determine which material might have been a better choice than copper for the Statue of Liberty, and discuss why it wasn’t chosen
- Consider which metal is most likely to be found in an uncombined or "free" state and which would be least likely to be found uncombined with other elements based on chemical activity
- Devise an experiment to determine if Au is more reactive than Cu, including specific formulas in the answer
- Group 1A metals are more reactive than group 2A metals
- Assess whether transition metals from the experiment support the assumption that elements become less reactive as atomic number increases in a period
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