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Activity Series: Extracting Metals

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Activity Series: Extracting Metals

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Questions and Answers

Metals low in the activity series are:

Highly reactive
Very unreactive (correct)
Very reactive
Moderately reactive

Cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of:

Mercury (correct)
Zinc
Copper
Iron

What must metal sulphides and carbonates be converted into, prior to reduction?

Metal oxides

What is Roasting?

<p>The process of converting sulphide ores into oxides by heating strongly in the presence of excess air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Calcination?

<p>The process in which carbonate ores are changed into oxides by heating strongly in limited air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to this text, zinc oxide can be reduced to metallic zinc by heating with:

<p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metals in the middle of the activity series are highly reactive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals can be found as Cu₂S in nature?

<p>Copper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Low Activity Metals

Metals low in the activity series that are generally unreactive.

Roasting (Metallurgy)

Heating an ore strongly in the presence of air to convert metal sulfides to oxides.

Calcination (Metallurgy)

Heating a carbonate ore strongly in limited air to convert it into an oxide.

Metal Extraction

The general process of extracting a metal from its ore.

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Cinnabar (HgS)

Mercury is extracted from this ore by heating in air.

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Mercuric Oxide (HgO)

The compound formed when cinnabar is heated in air, before it turns into mercury.

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Iron

A moderately reactive metal commonly extracted from sulfide or carbonate ores.

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Zinc

A moderately reactive metal extracted from sulfide or carbonate ores.

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Lead

A moderately reactive metal extracted from sulfide or carbonate ores.

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Copper

A moderately reactive metal sometimes found as Cu2S in nature.

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Roasting Metal Sulfides

Converting metal sulfides to oxides by heating strongly in air.

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Calcination of Carbonates

Converting metal carbonates to oxides by heating strongly in limited air.

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Carbon (Coke)

A reducing agent used to extract metals from their oxides.

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Displacement Reaction

Using a more reactive metal to displace a less reactive metal from its compound.

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Sodium

Reactive alkali metal that is used as a reducing agent.

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Calcium

Reactive alkaline earth metal that is used as a reducing agent.

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Aluminium

Reactive group 13 metal that is used as a reducing agent.

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Oxidation

A chemical process where a substance gains oxygen.

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Reduction

A chemical process where a substance loses oxygen.

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Activity series

A list of metals arranged in order of their relative reactivity.

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ZnS

The chemical formula for zinc sulfide.

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SO2

The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide.

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ZnCO3

The chemical formula for zinc carbonate.

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CO2

The chemical formula for carbon dioxide.

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ZnO

The chemical formula for zinc oxide.

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C

The chemical formula for carbon.

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Cu2O

The chemical formula for the copper(I) oxide.

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Products of HgS Heating

Heating HgS in air produces what?

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Heating Copper Sulfide (Cu2S)

Heating Cu2S in air yields?

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Reactivity Behavior

What type of elements act as reducing agent due to high reactivity?

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Calcination of Zinc Carbonate

What is the result of heating $ZnCO_3(s)$?

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ZnO Reduction

What type of reaction is $ZnO(s) + C(s) \rightarrow Zn(s) + CO(g)$?

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Roasting Zinc Sulfide

Roasting zinc sulfide ($ZnS$) results in?

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Oxide Conversion Rationale

Why convert metal sulfides/carbonates to oxides before reduction?

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Role of Coke in Metallurgy

What is role of coke in metallurgy?

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Reducer Suitability

What dictates suitability as reducing agent?

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Simple Heating Extraction

Give one example of metal extracted simply by heating.

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Mercury Ore

The ore of mercury

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Mercuric Oxide Heating Products

Heating mercuric oxide yields?

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Environmental metallurgy

What is the environmental impact of metal processes?

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Study Notes

Techniques to remove gangue from ore depend on the physical and chemical property differences between the gangue and the ore

Extracting Metals Low in the Activity Series

Metals low in the activity series are very unreactive
Oxides of these metals can be reduced to metals through heating alone.
Cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury
When heated in air, cinnabar converts to mercuric oxide (HgO)
Mercuric oxide is then reduced to mercury through further heating.
The reaction for this process is: 2HgS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2HgO(s) + 2SO2(g)
Then 2HgO(s) → 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Copper, found as Cu₂S in nature, can be obtained from its ore through heating in air
The reaction for this process is: 2Cu₂S + 3O2(g) → 2Cu₂O(s) + 2SO2(g)
Then 2Cu₂O + Cu₂S → 6Cu(s) + SO2(g)

Extracting Metals in the Middle of the Activity Series

Metals in the middle of the activity series; iron, zinc, lead, and copper, are moderately reactive
These metals are usually present as sulphides or carbonates in nature
Reduction is easier with metal oxides compared to sulphides and carbonates
Sulphide and carbonate ores convert into metal oxides before reduction.
Sulphide ores convert into oxides by heating strongly in excess air, through a process known as roasting
Carbonate ores are changed into oxides by heating strongly in limited air, through a process known as calcination
The chemical reaction during roasting and calcination of zinc ores are as follows:
Roasting reaction: 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)
Calcination reaction: ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
Metal oxides are reduced to corresponding metals with suitable reducing agents like carbon.
For example, when zinc oxide is heated with carbon, it reduces to metallic zinc
Reaction for reducing agent of carbon: ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
Obtaining metals from their compounds constitutes a reduction process.
Carbon (coke) can reduce metal oxides to metals
Displacement reactions also accomplish use highly reactive metals like sodium, calcium, and aluminium as reducing agents

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Description

Learn about techniques for removing gangue from ore based on the physical and chemical property differences. Explore the extraction of metals low and in the middle of the activity series, including reactions for obtaining mercury and copper from their ores. Understand the reactivity of different metals.

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