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Questions and Answers
What type of ion channels are NOT present in the myelinated areas where action potential/refractory period occurs only at Nodes of Ranvier?
What type of ion channels are NOT present in the myelinated areas where action potential/refractory period occurs only at Nodes of Ranvier?
What is the function of myelination in relation to axons?
What is the function of myelination in relation to axons?
What is the role of the synapse in neural communication?
What is the role of the synapse in neural communication?
What determines whether inputs from another axon are excitatory or inhibitory at the synapse?
What determines whether inputs from another axon are excitatory or inhibitory at the synapse?
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What occurs when a chemical messenger binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell at a synapse?
What occurs when a chemical messenger binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell at a synapse?
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What is the state of the sodium channel during the hyperpolarization phase?
What is the state of the sodium channel during the hyperpolarization phase?
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Which phase sees the potassium channel activated by Na+ entering the cell and changing the membrane potential?
Which phase sees the potassium channel activated by Na+ entering the cell and changing the membrane potential?
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What must happen before an action potential can be generated in terms of sodium channel inactivation?
What must happen before an action potential can be generated in terms of sodium channel inactivation?
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Which channel must be open for the repolarization phase to occur?
Which channel must be open for the repolarization phase to occur?
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What is the role of the inactivation (h) gate in returning to the resting potential?
What is the role of the inactivation (h) gate in returning to the resting potential?
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What type of channels are generally considered inhibitory in the context of neuronal signaling?
What type of channels are generally considered inhibitory in the context of neuronal signaling?
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What is the principle that describes the phenomenon where once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity?
What is the principle that describes the phenomenon where once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity?
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Which ion's influx increases the membrane potential and favors the formation of an action potential?
Which ion's influx increases the membrane potential and favors the formation of an action potential?
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What term is used to describe when the action potential becomes more negative?
What term is used to describe when the action potential becomes more negative?
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What type of presynaptic neurons favor depolarization and generating a new action potential?
What type of presynaptic neurons favor depolarization and generating a new action potential?
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In the Hodgkin and Huxley Experiment, what did they find happens when an electrical stimulation is introduced to a region of the axon?
In the Hodgkin and Huxley Experiment, what did they find happens when an electrical stimulation is introduced to a region of the axon?
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Which type of presynaptic neurons make it more difficult for an impulse to cross the synapse?
Which type of presynaptic neurons make it more difficult for an impulse to cross the synapse?
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Which of the following channels is responsible for the inactivation of sodium channels during an action potential?
Which of the following channels is responsible for the inactivation of sodium channels during an action potential?
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What is the main effect of opening Na+ or Ca+ channels at a synapse?
What is the main effect of opening Na+ or Ca+ channels at a synapse?
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What happens to the membrane potential after there is a massive increase due to depolarization?
What happens to the membrane potential after there is a massive increase due to depolarization?
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What is the membrane potential level of a typical action potential after depolarization?
What is the membrane potential level of a typical action potential after depolarization?
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What type of event are action potentials classified as?
What type of event are action potentials classified as?
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What is the period called during which it is impossible to cause another action potential to be produced?
What is the period called during which it is impossible to cause another action potential to be produced?
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What triggers action potentials in neurons?
What triggers action potentials in neurons?
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What type of ion channels are stimulated by excitatory presynaptic axons?
What type of ion channels are stimulated by excitatory presynaptic axons?
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What happens to the depolarization after it occurs in an axon?
What happens to the depolarization after it occurs in an axon?
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If sodium is removed from the system, what effect does it have on action potential?
If sodium is removed from the system, what effect does it have on action potential?
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Which stage of action potential involves a massive spike in depolarization?
Which stage of action potential involves a massive spike in depolarization?
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What is the function of voltage-gated sodium channels?
What is the function of voltage-gated sodium channels?
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What is the role of the Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channel in the recovery of membrane potential?
What is the role of the Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channel in the recovery of membrane potential?
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During the refractory period, what is the status of the m gate in sodium channels?
During the refractory period, what is the status of the m gate in sodium channels?
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What happens to the h-gate of sodium channels 5 ms after depolarization?
What happens to the h-gate of sodium channels 5 ms after depolarization?
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How do One Gates m gate and h gate differ in their response to membrane potential changes?
How do One Gates m gate and h gate differ in their response to membrane potential changes?
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What characterizes the refractory period of an axon in terms of sodium channel opening?
What characterizes the refractory period of an axon in terms of sodium channel opening?
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