ACSM Exercise Physiologist: Physical Activity

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate regarding physical activity (PA) and health outcomes?

  • Increased energy expenditure through PA is associated with a reduced risk for certain cancers. (correct)
  • Gains in bone mineral density developed during childhood PA have no impact on preventing osteoporosis in adult years.
  • Moderate intensity PA always requires prior medical clearance for inactive individuals.
  • Decreased energy expenditure through PA increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

An Exercise Professional (EP-C) is designing a vigorous-intensity physical activity program for a new client. What is the MOST important consideration for the EP-C?

  • Focusing exclusively on the musculoskeletal benefits of exercise.
  • Being current on basic and/or advanced life support training. (correct)
  • Ensuring the client has completed a maximal exercise test.
  • Recommending a high-protein diet to support muscle growth.

A previously sedentary, asymptomatic individual is starting a low-to-moderate intensity physical activity program. Which of the following guidelines is MOST appropriate?

  • The individual can generally begin the program safely without baseline testing or prior medical clearance. (correct)
  • The individual should consult a registered dietitian before starting any exercise program.
  • The individual must undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation, including cardiac stress testing, prior to starting the program.
  • The individual should immediately begin with vigorous-intensity exercise to maximize benefits.

Which of the following is MOST directly associated with decreased metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in children?

<p>Physical activity during childhood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sudden cardiac death related to exercise is:

<p>Quite rare, especially when related to moderate intensity exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is considered part of health-related fitness?

<p>Body Composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

<p>Physical fitness is inversely related to CVD incidence and mortality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Harvard Fatigue Lab, established in the 1920s, that contributed to the development of exercise physiology?

<p>Studying the physiological responses to physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To become an ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist (ACSM-EP), what are the minimum requirements?

<p>Bachelor’s Degree and CPR certification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to ACSM, what is the minimum recommended frequency of resistance exercise for adults?

<p>Two or more days per week involving all major muscle groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an objective method used to quantify leisure time physical activity?

<p>Accelerometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is incorporating physical activity (PA) from an early age considered beneficial?

<p>It is beneficial for preventing chronic disease in adulthood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of Americans of all ages reportedly not meeting the daily recommended amounts of PA?

<p>An increased risk of chronic diseases related to a sedentary lifestyle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies physical activity (PA) as defined in the provided material?

<p>Walking to a grocery store. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occupational energy expenditure has declined by more than 100 calories a day over the past five decades. What is the most likely reason for this decline?

<p>Advances in technology leading to more sedentary jobs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between 'physical activity' and 'exercise' according to the text?

<p>Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of physical activity involves no change in joint angle?

<p>Isometric. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During high-intensity interval training (HIIT), the body relies more on which energy system?

<p>Predominantly anaerobic metabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an individual is lifting a heavy weight. Initially, they struggle to lift the weight off the ground, then they successfully lift it, and finally, hold it in a fixed position. Which types of muscle contraction are primarily involved in each of these three stages?

<p>Isotonic, isotonic, isometric. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the total caloric expenditure associated with exercise, determined?

<p>Amount of muscle mass, intensity, duration, and frequency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities would heavily rely on aerobic metabolism?

<p>Distance cycling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Exercise Professional (EP-C) is working with a new client who has several risk factors for cardiovascular disease but is currently asymptomatic. Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate initial course of action?

<p>Advise the client to seek medical clearance and baseline testing prior to beginning any physical activity program. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community is looking to implement a program to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in its aging population. Which of the following strategies would be MOST effective?

<p>Promoting low-impact physical activity among children to maximize gains in bone mineral density during development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Exercise Professional is designing a physical activity program for an individual with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Besides the client's health conditions, which of the following is the MOST important consideration when prescribing exercise?

<p>The client's current level of physical fitness and any existing limitations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased energy expenditure through physical activity (PA) is associated with numerous health benefits. Which of the following is the BEST example of how these benefits manifest at a population level?

<p>A reduction in the overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Exercise Professional (EP-C) witnesses an individual collapse during a moderate-intensity exercise class. What is the MOST critical immediate action the EP-C should take?

<p>Assess the scene for safety, check for responsiveness and activate the emergency medical services (EMS) system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between physical activity (PA) and aerobic and anaerobic energy systems?

<p>During any PA, both aerobic and anaerobic systems contribute, with their relative contributions varying based on exercise intensity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between static (isometric) and dynamic (isotonic) muscle contractions during physical activity?

<p>Static contractions involve no change in joint angle, while dynamic contractions involve a change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an individual performs various daily activities. Which would contribute LEAST to the decline in occupational energy expenditure observed over the past five decades?

<p>An office worker who walks during their lunch break. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjustments to a physical activity program would MOST effectively increase the total caloric expenditure?

<p>Increasing the intensity and duration while keeping the frequency constant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of fitness components is MOST representative of skill-related fitness?

<p>Agility, coordination, and reaction time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key finding related to physical fitness from research mentioned in the content?

<p>Physical fitness is inversely related to CVD incidence and mortality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual performs a set of bicep curls, focusing on the controlled raising and lowering of the weight. Which type of muscle contraction is primarily involved as the weight is slowly lowered back to the starting position?

<p>Eccentric contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a person performing household chores. Which activity would be considered exercise rather than just physical activity?

<p>Mowing the lawn with a push mower as part of a planned fitness routine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Harvard Fatigue Lab in the development of exercise physiology?

<p>It served as an early hub for research, growing out of physical education and health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an individual is performing yoga, which type of physical activity is he performing?

<p>Static and Aerobic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone wanted to become an ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist (ACSM-EP), what would they need?

<p>A Bachelor’s Degree and CPR certification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to ACSM recommendations for aerobic exercise, which option meets the minimum weekly requirement?

<p>30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise, 5 days a week. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates the principle that the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism varies according to exercise intensity?

<p>Long-distance running relying primarily on aerobic metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the ACSM's resistance exercise recommendations for adults?

<p>Involving all major muscle groups at least twice a week. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of Americans not meeting the daily recommended amounts of physical activity (PA)?

<p>A coinciding epidemic of obesity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it considered beneficial to incorporate physical activity (PA) from an early age?

<p>To prevent chronic disease in adulthood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure (measured in kilocalories).

Exercise

Planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful physical activity.

Physical Fitness

The capacity to perform physical activities; an outcome of exercise.

Static (Isometric) Contraction

Physical activity without a change in joint angle.

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Dynamic (Isotonic) Contraction

Physical activity with a change in joint angle.

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Aerobic Exercise

Physical activity that is oxygen dependent.

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Anaerobic Exercise

Physical activity that is oxygen independent.

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Caloric Expenditure

Determined by muscle mass, intensity, duration, and frequency of contractions.

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Benefits of Increased PA

Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD, hypertension, certain cancers, and all-cause mortality.

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PA Benefits for Children

Decreases metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

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Childhood PA and Bone Density

Helps prevent osteoporosis in adult years.

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PA Program Start Safety

Individuals who are inactive or symptom-free can usually start a low-to-moderate intensity PA program without needing baseline testing or medical clearance

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EP-C Responsibilities

Be current on basic &/or advanced life support training and be keenly aware of signs and symptoms of CVD.

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Health-Related Fitness

Fitness components related to overall health; body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength/endurance, and flexibility

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Skill-Related Fitness

Fitness components related to sport performance; agility, coordination, reaction time, balance, speed, and power

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What is ACSM?

Founded in 1954, comprised of researchers, practitioners, & educators, and offers certifications.

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Aerobic Exercise Recommendations (Adults)

30+ mins of moderate intensity 5 days/week, or 25+ mins of vigorous intensity 3 days/week.

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Resistance Exercise Recommendations (Adults)

Minimum of moderate or greater intensity involving all major muscle groups on 2+ days/week.

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PA Quantification Methods

Methods include self-report (NHANES, BRFSS) and objective (pedometers, accelerometers).

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Current PA Levels

Americans of all ages are not meeting the daily recommended amounts of physical activity.

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PA and Weight

Increased energy expenditure from physical activity is associated with weight loss and weight control.

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PA and Disease Reduction

Increased energy expenditure from physical activity is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, CVD, and hypertension.

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PA and Longevity

Increased energy expenditure from physical activity is associated with reduced risk for certain cancers and all-cause mortality.

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EP-C's First Step

Before recommending PA, the EP-C must consider the client's health risk.

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Vigorous PA Supervision

EP-Cs supervising vigorous-intensity PA should be current on basic and/or advanced life support training and aware of CVD signs.

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Physical Activity Defined

Bodily movement from skeletal muscle contraction that increases energy use.

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Exercise Defined

Planned, structured, repetitive PA for a specific purpose.

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Isometric Contraction

Lack of joint movement during muscle activation.

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Isotonic Contraction

Joint movement accompanies muscle work.

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Aerobic Activity

Energy expenditure relies on oxygen.

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Anaerobic Activity

Energy production without oxygen

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Occupational PA Trend

Decline in occupational energy expenditure over the last 5 decades.

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What is Physical Fitness?

Attributes related to the ability to perform physical activity.

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Fitness & CVD Risk

Inverse relationship between physical fitness, cardiovascular disease incidence, and mortality.

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Exercise Physiology Origin

Grew out of physical education and health; Harvard Fatigue Lab (1920’s)

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ACSM-EP Requirements

Need Bachelor’s Degree & CPR certification

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PA Quantification

Self-report (NHANES, BRFSS) and objective (pedometers, accelerometers).

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Early PA Benefits

Incorporating PA from an early age is beneficial for preventing chronic disease in adulthood.

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Study Notes

Important Considerations for EP-C Professionals

  • EP-Cs must consider the health risks of clients/patients when recommending physical activity.
  • Most inactive or symptom-free individuals can begin a low-to-moderate intensity PA program safely without baseline testing.
  • EP-Cs responsible for supervising vigorous-intensity PA programs should be current on basic and/or advanced life support training.
  • EP-Cs responsible for supervising vigorous-intensity PA programs should be keenly aware of signs and symptoms of CVD.
  • Reviews the benefits for individuals with chronic conditions from the 2008 and 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committees
  • Reduced risk of all-cause and breast cancer mortality for breast cancer.
  • Reduced risk of all-cause and colorectal cancer mortality for colorectal cancer.
  • Reduced risk of prostate cancer mortality
  • Decreased pain for Osteoarthritis.
  • Improved function and quality of life for Osteoarthritis.
  • Reduced risk of progression of cardiovascular disease for Hypertension.
  • Reduced risk of increased blood pressure over time for Hypertension.
  • Reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality for Type 2 diabetes.
  • Reduced progression of disease indicators: hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, blood lipids, and body mass index for Type 2 diabetes.
  • Improved walking, balance, and activities of daily living for recent hip fracture.
  • Improved walking, balance, and activities of daily living for Frailty.
  • Improved walking, physical fitness, functional independence for Stroke.
  • Improved cognition for Stroke.
  • Improved physical fitness for Spinal cord injury.
  • Improved walking and wheel chair skills for Spinal cord injury.
  • Improved cognition for Dementia.
  • Improved walking for Multiple sclerosis.
  • Improved strength and physical fitness for Parkinson's disease.
  • Improved walking, balance, activities of daily living, and cognition for Parkinson's disease.
  • Improved quality of life and cognition for Schizophrenia.
  • Improved cognition for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity

  • Adults engaging in no leisure-time physical activity (adjusted based on age, percent, 18+ years old) broken out by sex.
  • The 2020 target is 32.6, with a decrease desired.
  • Discusses trends in obesity among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years, by age in the United States from 1963-1965 through 2015-2016.

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