Acquired Hypercoagulable States: Risk Factors and Clinical Conditions

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Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for acquired hypercoagulable states?

Prolonged bed rest or immobilization
Advancing age
Genetic predisposition to thrombosis (correct)
Cigarette smoking

Which of the following clinical conditions is NOT associated with an increased risk of cardiac thrombi formation?

Myocardial infarction
Rheumatic mitral stenosis
Congestive heart failure
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (correct)

What is the main pathogenetic mechanism for the formation of cardiac thrombi?

Decreased synthesis of coagulation factors
Increased production of antithrombin III
Increased platelet aggregation
Endothelial cell injury and abnormal blood flow (correct)

Which of the following is a common location for arterial thrombi?

Iliac and femoral arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a predisposing clinical condition for the development of hypercoagulable states?

Disseminated cancers (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can oral contraceptives or the hyperestrogenic state of pregnancy contribute to hypercoagulability?

By increasing hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors and reducing synthesis of antithrombin III (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endothelial layer in relation to thrombosis?

To maintain laminar flow and prevent stasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with venous thrombosis due to stasis?

Prolonged immobility or compression (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with hypercoagulability and an increased risk of thrombosis?

Polycythemia vera (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a heritable hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk of thrombosis?

Antithrombin III deficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an acquired hypercoagulable state that can increase the risk of thrombosis?

Cancer and its treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for thrombosis in arterial circulation and cardiac chambers?

Turbulence and endothelial injury (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary abnormalities that lead to thrombosis according to the text?

Endothelial injury, stasis or turbulent blood flow, and hypercoagulability of blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines whether thrombus formation, propagation, or dissolution occurs?

Activity of endothelial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does endothelial injury play in thrombosis?

Causes platelet activation and exposes thrombogenic subendothelial matrix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Virchow triad according to the text?

Three primary abnormalities leading to thrombosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause endothelial injury leading to thrombosis?

Radiation exposure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of alterations in normal blood flow in thrombus formation?

Disruption of laminar blood flow patterns (B) Signup and view all the answers