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Questions and Answers
Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology'?
What is the study of the relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience called?
What is the study of the relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience called?
Psychophysics
Who introduced structuralism?
Who introduced structuralism?
Edward Titchener
Structuralism aimed to explore the elemental structure of the human mind using behavior observation.
Structuralism aimed to explore the elemental structure of the human mind using behavior observation.
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What is 'functionalism' focused on?
What is 'functionalism' focused on?
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What is the significance of 'The Principles of Psychology'?
What is the significance of 'The Principles of Psychology'?
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Who is considered the 'father of US psychology'?
Who is considered the 'father of US psychology'?
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Which psychologist advocated for eugenics and believed heredity influenced intelligence?
Which psychologist advocated for eugenics and believed heredity influenced intelligence?
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Behaviorism studies behavior without considering environmental factors.
Behaviorism studies behavior without considering environmental factors.
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What theory did Sigmund Freud develop?
What theory did Sigmund Freud develop?
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What does Gestalt psychology focus on?
What does Gestalt psychology focus on?
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What concept does 'humanism' emphasize?
What concept does 'humanism' emphasize?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven schools of psychology?
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven schools of psychology?
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What does developmental psychology study?
What does developmental psychology study?
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What is the role of a psychiatrist?
What is the role of a psychiatrist?
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What does a neuropsychologist study?
What does a neuropsychologist study?
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What do behavior geneticists explore?
What do behavior geneticists explore?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt: Regarded as the "Father of Psychology"; established the first psychology lab in Germany and focused on measuring the "atoms of the mind."
- Edward Titchener: A student of Wundt; introduced structuralism and used introspection to analyze the mind's components.
- William James: Developed functionalism influenced by Charles Darwin; believed that mental processes evolved to adapt and aid survival.
- Stanley Hall: Established the first U.S. psychology research lab; known as the "father of U.S. psychology" and founded the American Psychological Association.
- John Watson: A behaviorist who argued against eugenics, asserting that environment shapes behavior; known for the "Little Albert" experiment.
- Sigmund Freud: Developed psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious motives and childhood experiences to explain behavior.
Theoretical Approaches in Psychology
- Psychophysics: Analyzes the relationship between physical stimuli and psychological experiences.
- Structuralism: Focuses on breaking down mental processes into their basic elements using introspection.
- Functionalism: Studies mental and behavioral processes concerning how they adapt and contribute to survival.
- Behaviorism: Emphasizes the study of observable behavior without considering mental processes; posits behavior is shaped by the environment.
- Psychoanalytical: Freud's approach, focusing on unconscious motives and conflicts affecting behavior.
Psychological Perspectives and Movements
- Humanism: Promotes the inherent goodness of individuals and the importance of personal growth and self-actualization; emphasizes individual choice and free will.
- Gestalt Psychology: Analyzes the mind and behaviors as interconnected wholes rather than isolated parts, illustrated by optical illusions.
- Developmental Psychology: Studies the physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout an individual's life span.
Specializations in Psychology
- Psychobiologist: Explores biological influences on behavior and cognitive processes.
- Neuropsychologist: Investigates the link between brain/nervous system structures and behaviors.
- Behavior Geneticist: Examines the impact of genetics and environment on individual behavioral differences.
- Psychiatrist: A medical doctor who treats psychological disorders, licensed to prescribe medications.
- Clinical Psychologist: Focuses on assessing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
Important Concepts
- Objective Introspection: A method where individuals examine their own conscious thoughts and feelings, fostering self-reflection.
- Phi Phenomenon: Refers to the perception of motion created by a series of still images presented in rapid succession, involving optical illusions.
- Seven Schools of Psychology: Encompasses various perspectives, including evolutionary, sociocultural, psychoanalytical, biological, cognitive, behavioral, and humanist approaches.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this flashcard quiz on key concepts in psychology, including influential figures like Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener. Explore important terms like psychophysics and deepen your understanding of the foundations of psychology.
