Questions and Answers
What is the rate of chest compressions for adults?
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in adults?
30:2
What is the rate of bag valve mask ventilation for adults in respiratory arrest?
Once every 5-6 seconds or 10-12 times per minute
What are the treatments for hypotension following cardiac arrest? (Select all that apply)
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The leader in team resuscitation does not need to perform all the skills if needed.
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What is the recommended ED door-to-balloon inflation time for a STEMI patient?
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What are the ways to estimate effectiveness of CPR? (Select all that apply)
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What is the best drug used for narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia?
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What drug is used for pulseless electrical activity?
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What is the sequence of basic life support?
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What is the initial dose of adenosine for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?
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At what heart rate does tachycardia usually become symptomatic?
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What is the longest duration for a pulse check?
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What is the recommended initial dosage of atropine for symptomatic bradycardia?
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What is the recommended dose of oxygen during CPR?
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What is the goal for initiation of fibrinolytic therapy in stroke patients?
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What are the common reversible causes of cardiac arrest? (Select all that apply)
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What is the best option for treatment of STEMI diagnosed in an ambulance via 12-lead ECG?
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What are the components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS)? (Select all that apply)
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Asystole should be treated with all of the following EXCEPT:
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What is the appropriate response to an AED that is having problems analyzing rhythm?
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Which of the following is treated with synchronized shocks? (Select all that apply)
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What is the dose for procainamide?
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What drug should be given to all acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients?
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What is the concentration of the maintenance amiodarone drip?
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What should EMS dispatchers instruct patients with ACS symptoms to do?
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What is the longest acceptable delay in chest compressions?
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What could cause persistent hypotension in a patient paced at an adjusted rate of 75/minute?
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What is required for effective resuscitation?
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What intervention may be helpful in a cardiac arrest patient with hypokalemia?
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What is the appropriate tidal volume with bag valve mask ventilation?
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What is the goal for PCI after arrival to the hospital?
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What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
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What does ABCD stand for in the BLS primary survey?
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What does ABCD stand for in the ACLS secondary survey?
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What are the risks associated with hyperventilation? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Chest Compressions and Ventilation
- Chest compressions for adults should be delivered at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
- The recommended compression-to-breath ratio in adults during CPR is 30:2.
- For adults in respiratory arrest, bag valve mask ventilation should occur once every 5-6 seconds (10-12 times per minute).
Treatments and Procedures
- Hypotension following cardiac arrest can be treated with IV dopamine and epinephrine infusions, along with IV Ringer's lactate or IV normal saline.
- The leader in team resuscitation must be proficient in all necessary skills.
- The ED door-to-balloon inflation time for STEMI patients should not exceed 90 minutes.
CPR Effectiveness and Drugs
- Effectiveness of CPR can be estimated through arterial diastolic blood pressure, quantitative waveform capnography, and central venous oxygen saturation.
- Adenosine is the drug of choice for treating narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia, with an initial dose of 6 mg IV.
- Epinephrine is used for pulseless electrical activity.
BLS and ACS Guidelines
- The sequence for basic life support (BLS) is Compressions, Airway, Breathing (CAB).
- The recommended oxygen dosage during CPR is 100%.
- Atropine should be administered at an initial dosage of 0.5 mg IV for symptomatic bradycardia.
Cardiac Events and Interventions
- The heart rate at which tachycardia typically becomes symptomatic is around 150 bpm.
- The maximum duration for pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds.
- Fibrinolytic therapy for stroke patients should ideally begin within 1 hour of ED arrival.
Key Syndrome and Causes
- Cardiac arrest can be triggered by common reversible causes known as the "H's and T's," which include hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia, and various forms of thrombosis.
- The best procedure for treating STEMI diagnosed in an ambulance is to transport the patient to a PCI-capable hospital.
Stroke Assessment and AED Use
- The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) assesses facial droop, arm drift, and speech abnormalities.
- When an AED encounters issues analyzing rhythm, chest compressions should continue uninterrupted.
Synchronized Shocks and Medications
- Unstable atrial fibrillation is treated with synchronized shocks, while sinus tachycardia, VT without a pulse, and VF are not.
- Procainamide should be administered at a dose of 20-50 mg/min.
- All acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients should receive aspirin.
Other Important Considerations
- The concentration for a maintenance amiodarone drip is 900 mg in 500 mL D5W (1.8 mg/mL).
- EMS dispatchers observing ACS symptoms should advise patients to take aspirin.
- The longest acceptable delay in administering chest compressions is 10 seconds.
Advanced Cardiac Care
- Persistent hypotension in patients paced at 75/min may suggest an underlying condition other than pacing.
- A successful resuscitation effort requires a systematic approach known as a system of care.
- Magnesium sulfate may assist cardiac arrest patients with hypokalemia.
Ventilation and Monitoring
- The ideal tidal volume for bag valve mask ventilation is 600 mL.
- The goal for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after hospital arrival is to achieve it within 90 minutes.
- The most common cause of upper airway obstruction in unconscious patients is the loss of muscle tone in the throat.
BLS and ACLS Surveys
- The ABCD of the BLS primary survey includes Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Defibrillation.
- The ABCD of the ACLS secondary survey encompasses Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Differential Diagnosis.
- Hyperventilation carries risks of increased intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease venous return and cardiac output.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) with these flashcards. This quiz covers critical topics such as chest compression rates, ventilation ratios, and treatment protocols following cardiac events. Perfect for anyone preparing for ACLS certification.