ACLS Practice Questions

Questions and Answers

What is the rate of chest compressions for adults?

120-140 compressions per minute

100-120 compressions per minute (correct)

140-160 compressions per minute

80-100 compressions per minute

What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in adults?

30:2

What is the rate of bag valve mask ventilation for adults in respiratory arrest?

Once every 5-6 seconds or 10-12 times per minute

What are the treatments for hypotension following cardiac arrest? (Select all that apply)

IV Ringer's lactate Signup and view all the answers

The leader in team resuscitation does not need to perform all the skills if needed.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended ED door-to-balloon inflation time for a STEMI patient?

No longer than 90 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What are the ways to estimate effectiveness of CPR? (Select all that apply)

Quantitative waveform capnography Signup and view all the answers

What is the best drug used for narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia?

Adenosine Signup and view all the answers

What drug is used for pulseless electrical activity?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of basic life support?

Compressions, airway, breathing (CAB) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of adenosine for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?

6 mg IV Signup and view all the answers

At what heart rate does tachycardia usually become symptomatic?

150 bpm Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest duration for a pulse check?

10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dosage of atropine for symptomatic bradycardia?

0.5 mg IV Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of oxygen during CPR?

100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal for initiation of fibrinolytic therapy in stroke patients?

Within 1 hour of ED arrival Signup and view all the answers

What are the common reversible causes of cardiac arrest? (Select all that apply)

Tension pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the best option for treatment of STEMI diagnosed in an ambulance via 12-lead ECG?

Transport to PCI-capable hospital Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS)? (Select all that apply)

Speech abnormality Signup and view all the answers

Asystole should be treated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Defibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response to an AED that is having problems analyzing rhythm?

Continue chest compressions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is treated with synchronized shocks? (Select all that apply)

Unstable atrial fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose for procainamide?

20-50 mg/min Signup and view all the answers

What drug should be given to all acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of the maintenance amiodarone drip?

900 mg amiodarone in 500 mL D5W (1.8 mg/mL) Signup and view all the answers

What should EMS dispatchers instruct patients with ACS symptoms to do?

Take aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest acceptable delay in chest compressions?

10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What could cause persistent hypotension in a patient paced at an adjusted rate of 75/minute?

Other underlying cause for hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is required for effective resuscitation?

A system of care Signup and view all the answers

What intervention may be helpful in a cardiac arrest patient with hypokalemia?

Magnesium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate tidal volume with bag valve mask ventilation?

600 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal for PCI after arrival to the hospital?

90 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

Loss of tone in throat muscles Signup and view all the answers

What does ABCD stand for in the BLS primary survey?

Airway, breathing, circulation, defibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What does ABCD stand for in the ACLS secondary survey?

Airway, breathing, circulation, differential diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the risks associated with hyperventilation? (Select all that apply)

Increased intrathoracic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chest Compressions and Ventilation

Chest compressions for adults should be delivered at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
The recommended compression-to-breath ratio in adults during CPR is 30:2.
For adults in respiratory arrest, bag valve mask ventilation should occur once every 5-6 seconds (10-12 times per minute).

Treatments and Procedures

Hypotension following cardiac arrest can be treated with IV dopamine and epinephrine infusions, along with IV Ringer's lactate or IV normal saline.
The leader in team resuscitation must be proficient in all necessary skills.
The ED door-to-balloon inflation time for STEMI patients should not exceed 90 minutes.

CPR Effectiveness and Drugs

Effectiveness of CPR can be estimated through arterial diastolic blood pressure, quantitative waveform capnography, and central venous oxygen saturation.
Adenosine is the drug of choice for treating narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia, with an initial dose of 6 mg IV.
Epinephrine is used for pulseless electrical activity.

BLS and ACS Guidelines

The sequence for basic life support (BLS) is Compressions, Airway, Breathing (CAB).
The recommended oxygen dosage during CPR is 100%.
Atropine should be administered at an initial dosage of 0.5 mg IV for symptomatic bradycardia.

Cardiac Events and Interventions

The heart rate at which tachycardia typically becomes symptomatic is around 150 bpm.
The maximum duration for pulse checks should not exceed 10 seconds.
Fibrinolytic therapy for stroke patients should ideally begin within 1 hour of ED arrival.

Key Syndrome and Causes

Cardiac arrest can be triggered by common reversible causes known as the "H's and T's," which include hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia, and various forms of thrombosis.
The best procedure for treating STEMI diagnosed in an ambulance is to transport the patient to a PCI-capable hospital.

Stroke Assessment and AED Use

The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) assesses facial droop, arm drift, and speech abnormalities.
When an AED encounters issues analyzing rhythm, chest compressions should continue uninterrupted.

Synchronized Shocks and Medications

Unstable atrial fibrillation is treated with synchronized shocks, while sinus tachycardia, VT without a pulse, and VF are not.
Procainamide should be administered at a dose of 20-50 mg/min.
All acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients should receive aspirin.

Other Important Considerations

The concentration for a maintenance amiodarone drip is 900 mg in 500 mL D5W (1.8 mg/mL).
EMS dispatchers observing ACS symptoms should advise patients to take aspirin.
The longest acceptable delay in administering chest compressions is 10 seconds.

Advanced Cardiac Care

Persistent hypotension in patients paced at 75/min may suggest an underlying condition other than pacing.
A successful resuscitation effort requires a systematic approach known as a system of care.
Magnesium sulfate may assist cardiac arrest patients with hypokalemia.

Ventilation and Monitoring

The ideal tidal volume for bag valve mask ventilation is 600 mL.
The goal for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after hospital arrival is to achieve it within 90 minutes.
The most common cause of upper airway obstruction in unconscious patients is the loss of muscle tone in the throat.

BLS and ACLS Surveys

The ABCD of the BLS primary survey includes Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Defibrillation.
The ABCD of the ACLS secondary survey encompasses Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Differential Diagnosis.
Hyperventilation carries risks of increased intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease venous return and cardiac output.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) with these flashcards. This quiz covers critical topics such as chest compression rates, ventilation ratios, and treatment protocols following cardiac events. Perfect for anyone preparing for ACLS certification.