Acids: Reactions, Applications, and Safety

• Metals react with diluted acids.
• How to produce pure hydrogen.
• The goal is to describe the uses diluted acids and safety rules and to study the reaction of diluted acids with different metals.
• The goal is to carry out a qualitative reaction of hydrogen gas.

Acids

• Acids are chemically active and react with many chemical compounds
• Metal reacting with acid produces salt and hydrogen gas
• The formula is: Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

Applications of acids

• Vinegar contains 3-6% acetic acid and is used in cooking.
• Nitric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, dyes, medicines and explosives.
• Sulfuric acid is used in the production of car batteries.
• Hydrochloric acid is used to make "aqua regia" for dissolving inert metals such as gold and platinum.

Preparing acid solutions

• Be careful when dissolving concentrated acid in water and it is unsafe to pour water onto concentrated acid.
• The high density can cause it to boil which can cause splashing.
• Acid should be poured slowly into the water while stirring.
• Use a cooling bath to keep the container cool during the process.

Experiment 9: Reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid

• Materials for this experiment include granulated zinc, hydrochloric acid solution, test tubes, and test tube rack.
• Place the test tube in a test tube rack and add hydrochloric acid.
• Add a granule of zinc and record observations.
• Be careful when working with acid solutions and do not smell the vapors.
• Describe the changes when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid.
• Explain the chemical properties of hydrochloric acid.
• Wear eye protection and gloves and wash hands thoroughly at the end of the experiment.

Experiment 10: Qualitative reaction to hydrogen

• Hydrogen gas is produced by the reaction of active metals with acid solutions.
• Be careful working with hydrogen because it is explosive.
• Materials for this experiment include magnesium granules, diluted acetic acid solution, test tubes, test tube racks, and matches.
• Pour acetic acid solution into a test tube and place it in the rack before adding magnesium granules.
• Record the observations.
• Trap the gas being produced using a test tube held upside down above the reaction test tube.
• Collect hydrogen gas in the inverted test tube, holding it with your finger, and prepare for testing.
• To test hydrogen; keep the test tube covered.
• Uncover the tube and light the gas with a match, which will burn with a "pop" sound
• The "pop" sound confirms the presence of hydrogen.
• Characterize the reaction between acetic acid and magnesium.
• Explain the significance of the test results of hydrogen.
• Describe the properties of acetic acid.
• Wear gloves to protect the skin and wash your hands after the experiment.

Explore the chemical activity of acids, focusing on their reactions with metals to produce salt and hydrogen gas. Learn about the diverse applications of acids, from acetic acid in cooking to nitric acid in fertilizer production. Understand the safety precautions necessary when preparing acid solutions to prevent dangerous reactions.