Acids, Bases, and Salts Quiz

What taste are acids known to have?

What color does blue litmus paper turn when it comes into contact with an acid?

What taste do bases generally have?

What color change occurs to red litmus paper when exposed to a base?

Name a natural indicator mentioned in the text, other than litmus.

What happens to the color of a curry stain on white cloth when scrubbed with soap?

Give an example of a synthetic indicator.

From what organism is litmus extracted?

What is the natural color of litmus when it is neither in an acidic nor basic solution?

Name one flower whose petals can be used as an acid-base indicator.

Acids have what kind of taste?

Blue litmus paper turns what color in an acid?

Red litmus paper turns what color in a base?

What is a natural indicator that can be found in your kitchen?

Name one synthetic indicator.

Litmus solution is extracted from what?

What is the color of litmus solution when it is neither acidic nor basic?

What happens when you apply soap to a curry stain on a white cloth?

What type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base are combined?

Explain why tasting substances to determine if they are acidic or basic can be dangerous, and what alternative methods can be used.

If a solution turns blue litmus paper red, what does this indicate about the solution, and what ion is likely present in excess?

Describe what would happen if you accidentally spilled a strong base on your skin, and what immediate steps should be taken.

Explain why the color change of an indicator like litmus or turmeric is useful in determining whether a substance is an acid or a base.

A white cloth has a curry stain. Explain why applying soap to the stain turns it reddish-brown and why washing it with water makes the stain yellow again.

Baking soda is often used to relieve acidity. Based on your knowledge of acids and bases, what chemical reaction is responsible for this?

How do synthetic indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein differ from natural indicators like litmus and turmeric in terms of their origin and application?

Given that lemon juice contains citric acid, explain how it affects blue litmus paper and why it is not advisable to use lemon juice to treat a base burn.

If a solution has a high concentration of hydroxide ions ($\text{OH}^-$), what effect will it have on red litmus paper, and what general property does this solution exhibit?

Describe the role of water in the context of acids and bases, and explain how it facilitates their characteristic properties.

Explain why diluting a strong acid is always done by adding acid to water, rather than water to acid. What dangerous consequence is avoided by following this procedure?

A solution has a pH of 9. Is it acidic or basic? Explain what this pH value indicates about the relative concentrations of hydronium ($\text{H}_3\text{O}^+$) and hydroxide ($\text{OH}^-$) ions in the solution.

Briefly explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in terms of their ionization in water, and provide an example of each.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Identify the salt and water produced in this neutralization reaction.

Explain the concept of amphoteric substances. Give an example of a substance that can act as both an acid and a base, and write chemical equations to show its behavior in both acidic and basic solutions.

Describe how a buffer solution works to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Include the role of its components.

Explain the common ion effect and how it affects the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in a solution containing a common ion.

What is the role of indicators in acid-base titrations? Explain how an indicator works and what determines its color change range.

Why is it important to use distilled or deionized water in experiments involving acids and bases? Explain how impurities in tap water can affect the results.

Describe the potential environmental impacts of acid rain and explain how it is formed.

A chemist discovers a novel monoprotic acid, HA, with an exceptionally weak dissociation constant ($K_a \approx 10^{-20}$). Propose a method, employing electrochemical techniques, to accurately determine its $K_a$ value, justifying your choice with relevant electrochemical principles and expected limitations.

Aqueous solutions of $AlCl_3$ are acidic, while aqueous solutions of $NaCl$ are neutral. Explain this difference in terms of the relevant chemical equilibria and the properties of the ions involved, including the effect of hydrolysis.

Consider a buffer solution prepared by mixing a weak acid, $HA$, and its conjugate base, $A^-$. Derive an expression, using thermodynamic principles, that relates the buffer capacity ($\beta$) to the concentrations of $HA$ and $A^-$, and the autoprotolysis constant of water ($K_w$).

Devise a theoretical scenario where the addition of a strong acid to a solution containing a weak base increases the pH. Detail the specific conditions and chemical species involved to make this phenomenon thermodynamically feasible.

Explain why indicators do not have sharp transition points, detailing the chemical and physical principles that lead to the gradual colour change observed during a titration.

A biochemist is studying an enzyme that functions optimally at pH 7.4. However, the reaction produces a strong acid as a byproduct. Design an in situ buffering system, using readily available biochemical reagents, that can maintain a stable pH throughout the enzymatic reaction, explaining the relevant considerations for buffer selection and concentration.

Describe the concept of superacidity and provide two distinct chemical mechanisms by which a superacid can protonate an alkane, including specific examples illustrating each mechanism.

Consider the titration of a polyprotic acid, $H_3A$, with a strong base. Explain how the successive $pK_a$ values ($pK_{a1}$, $pK_{a2}$, $pK_{a3}$) influence the shape of the titration curve and the selection of appropriate indicators for each equivalence point, discussing any limitations that may arise.

Propose a novel method for determining the concentration of an extremely dilute solution of a strong base (e.g., $10^{-9}$ M $NaOH$) without using conventional titration techniques, justifying your choice based on the limitations of traditional methods at such low concentrations.

Critically evaluate the statement: "The pH of a solution is a complete and unambiguous descriptor of its acidity or basicity." Provide specific scenarios where this statement is demonstrably false, and propose alternative or complementary measures that provide a more comprehensive characterization.

What is the natural source of litmus, a common acid-base indicator?

How do acids affect the color of blue litmus paper?

If a curry stain on a white cloth turns reddish-brown upon applying soap, what does this indicate about the nature of soap?

Name two synthetic indicators that can be used to test for acids and bases.

Explain why baking soda is a suitable remedy for acidity after overeating.

Describe what happens to the color of red cabbage extract when it is added to an acidic solution.

What is the chemical process that occurs when an acid and a base are mixed?

Explain why tasting substances to determine if they are acidic or basic is generally discouraged in a laboratory setting.

A solution turns methyl orange yellow. What does this indicate about the solution's pH level, and what further test could confirm this?

If a universal indicator shows a green color, and after dilution with distilled water, it shifts to blue, provide a detailed explanation involving ionic concentrations (considering water's auto-ionization) to justify this color change.