Acids, Bases and Salts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the product formed when sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc?

  • Sodium zincate (correct)
  • Sodium oxide
  • Hydrogen gas
  • Zinc hydroxide

What gas is produced when sodium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?

  • Carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen

What observation indicates the presence of carbon dioxide when passed through lime water?

  • The lime water becomes transparent
  • The lime water changes color to blue
  • Gas bubbles form without a color change
  • The lime water turns cloudy (correct)

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction of acidic solutions with metal carbonates?

<p>A salt and water are produced along with carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sodium hydrogencarbonate when it is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid?

<p>It produces salt, carbon dioxide, and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in a basic solution?

<p>Turns blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a natural indicator used for testing acids and bases?

<p>Turmeric (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an acidic solution on blue litmus paper?

<p>Turns it red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What remedy would be suggested for acidity after overeating?

<p>Baking soda solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance changes a stain from curry reddish-brown back to yellow?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of litmus solution when it is neutral?

<p>Purple (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following natural materials can indicate the presence of acids or bases?

<p>Red cabbage leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acids and bases can counteract each other. What term describes this reaction?

<p>Neutralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid?

<p>Sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?

<p>It results in a white precipitate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid produces which of the following?

<p>Water and sodium chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When excess carbon dioxide is reacted with calcium carbonate and water, what is formed?

<p>Calcium bicarbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when you add hydrochloric acid to a solution of copper oxide?

<p>Copper oxide dissolves completely without color change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phenolphthalein is correct when mixed with an acid?

<p>It changes to colorless (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the blue-green color of the solution attributed to in the reaction with copper oxide?

<p>Formation of copper(II) chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general outcome of the reaction between any metal carbonate and an acid?

<p>Salt, carbon dioxide, and water are produced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when a metallic oxide reacts with an acid?

<p>Salt and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interactions represents a neutralization reaction?

<p>Sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-metallic oxides is true?

<p>They are always acidic in nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the effervescence during a reaction between a metal and dilute hydrochloric acid indicate?

<p>Hydrogen gas is produced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

<p>Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When testing for the presence of hydrogen gas, what reaction would confirm its presence?

<p>It burns with a pop sound. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical property is common to all acids and is responsible for their reactions with metals?

<p>Generation of hydrogen gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction between carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide, what is formed?

<p>Calcium carbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to copper sulphate when it is heated in a dry boiling tube?

<p>It turns white. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding water to the heated copper sulphate?

<p>It turns back to blue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of hydrated copper sulphate?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for calcium sulphate hemihydrate, commonly known as Plaster of Paris?

<p>CaSO4·H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the water of crystallisation refer to?

<p>The fixed number of water molecules in a salt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of gypsum?

<p>CaSO4·2H2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature is gypsum heated to become Plaster of Paris?

<p>373 K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the properties of copper sulphate?

<p>It can be used as a drying agent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product of the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?

<p>Salt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when water is added to strong acids like H2SO4?

<p>It causes the mixture to splash and can lead to burns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process that occurs when an acid or base is mixed with water?

<p>Dilution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the nature of mixing concentrated acids with water?

<p>Should be done slowly with constant stirring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ions are generated by acids and bases in an aqueous solution?

<p>H3O+ and OH- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of the activity of adding H2SO4 to water?

<p>It will increase the temperature of the solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hazard associated with adding water to concentrated acids?

<p>It may cause violent splashing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do substances like alcohol and glucose not show acidic character in solutions?

<p>They do not dissociate to produce H+ ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acid

A substance that tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, and neutralizes bases.

Base

A substance that tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue, and neutralizes acids.

Litmus

A natural indicator that changes color in the presence of acids and bases.

Neutralization

The reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

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Acid-Base Indicator

A substance that changes color to show whether a solution is acidic or basic.

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Identifying Acid/Base

Using litmus paper to differentiate between an acid, a base, and distilled water.

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Metal reaction with NaOH

Certain metals react with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, producing hydrogen gas.

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Sodium Carbonate Reaction

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing carbon dioxide gas.

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Sodium Hydrogencarbonate Reaction

Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), producing carbon dioxide gas.

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Carbon Dioxide Detection

Carbon dioxide gas can be detected by passing it through lime water (calcium hydroxide), which turns milky.

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Metal Carbonate/Hydrogencarbonate reaction with acid

Metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to release carbon dioxide gas.

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Reaction of sodium carbonate with acid

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

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Reaction of sodium bicarbonate with acid

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

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Reaction of carbon dioxide with limewater

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with calcium hydroxide (limewater) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and water (H₂O).

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Neutralization reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that forms a salt and water. The acid and base neutralize each other.

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Reaction of metal carbonate/hydrogencarbonate with acid

Metal carbonates/hydrogencarbonates react with acids to produce salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

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Neutralization reaction-example

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (Hâ‚‚O).

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Reaction of metallic oxide with acid

Metallic oxides react with acids to produce a salt and water; the reaction will often change the color.

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Metal oxide + acid reaction

A reaction where a metal oxide reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water.

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Basic oxide

A metallic oxide that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water, similar to a base.

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Acidic oxide

A non-metallic oxide that reacts with a base to produce a salt and water, similar to a reaction with an acid.

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Reaction of metal with acid

A reaction between a metal and an acid that produces hydrogen gas.

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Testing for hydrogen gas

Hydrogen gas is identified by bringing a burning splint close to the gas; if it pops, it's hydrogen gas.

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Copper(II) chloride formation

Copper oxide dissolves in acid resulting in copper(II) chloride formation and blue-green coloured solution.

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Brass and Copper vessels

Curd and sour substances shouldn't be stored in brass and copper vessels due to reactions that might occur.

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Acid Neutralization

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

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Acid Dilution

The decrease in the concentration of ions per unit volume when an acid or base is mixed with water.

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Exothermic Process

A chemical reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

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Endothermic Process

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.

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Acid Addition to Water

Acid should always be added slowly to water with constant stirring when mixing concentrated acids with water, never the other way round.

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Acidic Character in Aqueous Solution

Certain compounds, like HCl and HNO3, release H+ ions when dissolved in water, making the solution acidic.

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Non-Acidic Aqueous Solutions

Compounds like alcohol and glucose do not release H+ ions when dissolved in water, and therefore do not show acidic character.

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Water of Crystallization

Fixed water molecules in a salt's crystal structure.

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CuSO4.5H2O

Chemical formula for hydrated copper sulfate.

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Removing water of crystallization

Heating a hydrated salt to drive off water molecules.

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Plaster of Paris

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate, used in casts and bandages.

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CaSO4.2H2O

Chemical formula for gypsum.

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Hydrated salt

A salt that contains water of crystallization.

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373 K

Temperature in Kelvin for heating gypsum to make plaster of Paris.

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Study Notes

Acids, Bases and Salts

  • Acids taste sour and change the color of blue litmus to red
  • Bases taste bitter and change the color of red litmus to blue
  • Litmus is a natural indicator
  • Turmeric is another natural indicator
  • Synthetic indicators include methyl orange and phenolphthalein
  • Acids and bases can neutralize each other's effects
  • Acids react with metals to produce a salt and hydrogen gas
  • Metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide
  • Acids react with bases to produce a salt and water
  • Bases react with some metals to produce a salt and hydrogen gas
  • Some oxides are acidic, some are basic
  • The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution
  • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
  • A pH of 7 is neutral
  • A pH less than 7 is acidic
  • A pH greater than 7 is basic
  • Substances like vanilla, onion, and clove can be used as olfactory indicators
  • Tooth decay occurs when the mouth's pH falls below 5.5
  • Common salt (sodium chloride) is a raw material for several other substances, including sodium hydroxide, baking soda, and washing soda
  • Sodium hydroxide is produced through the chlor-alkali process
  • Chlorine and hydrogen gas are also produced during this process
  • Bleaching powder is made by reacting chlorine with calcium hydroxide
  • Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is used in cooking and as an antacid
  • Washing soda (sodium carbonate) is used in many industries and as a cleaning agent
  • Plaster of Paris is a calcium sulfate hemihydrate that hardens when mixed with water

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