Acids, Bases and Salts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic taste do acids have?

  • Bitter taste
  • Sweet taste
  • Sour taste (correct)
  • Salty taste

    • Which of the following is a common acid used in various applications?

  • Butyric acid
  • Ascorbic acid
  • Salicylic acid
  • Acetic acid (correct)

    • What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

  • It produces salt, carbon dioxide, and water. (correct)
  • It produces only a metal salt.
  • It produces only carbon dioxide.
  • It produces only water.

    • Which fruit is known for containing citric acid?

    <p>Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color change does blue litmus paper undergo when exposed to an acid?

    <p>It turns red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is confirmed by bringing a burning splinter near a soap bubble filled with H2 gas?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found in vinegar?

    <p>Acetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lime water when CO2 gas is passed through it?

    <p>It turns milky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are substances that change their colour or odour when added to an acid or alkaline solution called?

    <p>Indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a natural indicator?

    <p>Turmeric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What colour does litmus paper turn when it is in an acidic medium?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of indicator is prepared in the laboratory and is not derived from natural sources?

    <p>Synthetic Indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of indicator does the colour change depend on the strength of the acid or base?

    <p>Universal Indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do olfactory indicators do in an acidic or basic medium?

    <p>Change smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the strength of an acid or base depend on?

    <p>The concentration of H+ or OH- ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does phenolphthalein turn in a basic solution?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of diluting an acid with water?

    <p>Decrease in ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when water is added to a concentrated acid?

    <p>Excessive heat may cause splashing or breaking containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is produced by all acids in the presence of water?

    <p>H<sup>+</sup></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general outcome of the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?

    <p>Production of salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is formed when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Sodium chloride and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction occurs when an acid neutralizes a base?

    <p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do all bases produce when dissolved in water?

    <p>OH<sup>-</sup> ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why shouldn't bases be stored in active metal containers?

    <p>They will cause corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is injected into the skin during an ant sting?

    <p>Formic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator turns pink in a basic solution?

    <p>Phenolphthalein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula of common salt?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value of salts formed by a strong acid and strong base?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced in the chlor-alkali process apart from sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant's leaves help alleviate pain caused by nettle stings?

    <p>Dock plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid is present in the stomach?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH range does the human body typically operate within?

    <p>7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product formed when plaster of Paris is mixed with water?

    <p>Gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is obtained when gypsum is heated above 400 K?

    <p>Dead burn plaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the water of crystallisation in hydrated salts?

    <p>It acts as a binding agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does heating affect hydrated salts?

    <p>They lose their regular shape and color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of plaster of Paris?

    <p>Support for fractured bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to copper sulfate when it is heated?

    <p>It loses water of crystallisation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Plaster of Paris correctly?

    <p>It contains half a molecule of water of crystallisation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of anhydrous copper sulfate?

    <p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction occurs when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated or mixed with water?

    <p>NaHCO₃ + H⁺ → CO₂ + H₂O + Sodium salt of acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a use of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

    <p>It acts as a preservative for milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for washing soda?

    <p>Na₂CO₃·10H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of sodium carbonate solution in water can be observed?

    <p>It is alkaline and turns litmus blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gypsum when it's heated at 373 K?

    <p>It forms plaster of Paris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of sodium carbonate?

    <p>Neutralizing stomach acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of sodium hydrogen carbonate in baking?

    <p>It is combined with acidic substances to produce carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sodium hydrogen carbonate when used as an antacid?

    <p>It neutralizes excess stomach acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids, Bases and Salts

    • Acids have a sour taste and turn blue litmus red
    • Common fruits like unripe mangoes, lemons, oranges, and tamarinds are sour, indicating the presence of acids
    • Examples of acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃)
    • Naturally occurring acids: vinegar (acetic acid), orange/lemon (citric acid), tamarind (tartaric acid), tomato (oxalic acid), curd (lactic acid)

    Test for Hydrogen Gas

    • Pass the gas through a soap solution
    • Bring a burning splinter near the soap bubble
    • If the gas burns with a pop sound, it's hydrogen gas

    Reaction of Acids with Metal Carbonates/Metal Hydrogen Carbonates

    • Produces a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas (effervescence)
    • Example: Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide

    Reaction of Acids with Metals

    • Dilute HCl and H₂SO₄ react with some active metals (zinc, iron, etc.)
    • Forms a salt and releases hydrogen gas
    • Acids should not be stored in metal containers

    Test for Carbon Dioxide Gas

    • Pass CO₂ gas through limewater
    • Turns the limewater milky (precipitate of CaCO₃)
    • Further CO₂ produces a soluble calcium bicarbonate, clearing the milkiness; excess CO₂ clears it

    Bases

    • Bitter taste, soapy touch, turn red litmus blue
    • Examples: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
    • Strong bases react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas

    Reactions of Bases with Non-Metallic Oxides

    • Produce a salt and water
    • Non-metallic oxides are acidic, so bases neutralize them

    Acids and Bases in Water

    • Acids in water release H⁺ ions/H₃O⁺ (hydronium) ions
    • Bases in water release OH⁻ ions
    • Both conduct electricity because of ions

    Effect of Dilution on Acids/Bases

    • Diluting with water is exothermic (heat-generating)
    • Always add acid to water, stir slowly
    • Avoid adding water to a concentrated acid (heat generated may cause splashes)

    Reaction of Acid with Base

    • Produces salt and water
    • Known as neutralization reaction

    Indicators

    • Substances that change color to indicate an acid or base
    • Natural indicators (litmus, turmeric, red cabbage juice)
    • Synthetic indicators (phenolphthalein, methyl orange)

    pH Scale

    • Measures hydrogen ion concentration
    • Ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline)
    • 7 is neutral
    • Higher the H₃O⁺ concentration, the lower the pH value

    Importance of pH

    • Living organisms thrive in a narrow pH range
    • Affects plant growth, digestive system, soil, teeth health

    Common Salts

    • Sodium Chloride (NaCl): table salt, from sea water
    • Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂): antacids

    Bleaching Powder (CaOCl₂)

    • Used in textile industry, paper, bleaching clothes
    • Prepared by reacting chlorine with slaked lime

    Baking Soda (NaHCO₃)

    • Used in baking, antacids, and fire extinguishers
    • Formed by reacting sodium chloride, water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia

    Washing Soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O)

    • Used in glass, soap, paper, removes hard water
    • Prepared by heating baking soda
    • Hard water contains large amounts of calcium and magnesium ions

    Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·½H₂O)

    • Used in plastering, models, fractured bones
    • Prepared by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O)

    Water of Crystallization

    • Water molecules in crystals of salts
    • Heating removes water of crystallization (changes from hydrated to anhydrous form)

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    Acids, Bases and Salts PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on acids, bases, and their reactions through this informative quiz. It covers definitions, properties, and examples of various acids, as well as their interactions with metals and carbonates. Enhance your understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry.

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