Acids and Bases Laboratory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

[Blank] indicators change their odour in acidic or basic media.

Olfactory

To test for acids and bases using onions, finely chopped onions are taken in a plastic bag along with some strips of clean ______.

cloth

[Blank] solutions are collected from the science laboratory for testing.

Acidic

[Blank] paper is used to identify the contents of each test tube.

<p>Litmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indicators show if a substance is acidic or basic by a change in ______.

<p>colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] acid (HCl) is collected from the science laboratory.

<p>Hydrochloric</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sulphuric acid has the chemical formula ______.

<p>H2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] hydroxide (NaOH) is a basic solution.

<p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ammonium hydroxide has the chemical formula ______.

<p>NH4OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

To distinguish between an acidic and a basic solution using only red litmus paper, observe if the litmus turns ______, indicating a base.

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acids provided, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4), will ______ blue litmus paper.

<p>redden</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances that indicate whether a solution is acidic or basic through a change in color are called acid-base ______.

<p>indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] indicators, like finely chopped onions, change their odor in acidic or basic media.

<p>olfactory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phenolphthalein remains colorless in ______ solutions but turns pink in basic solutions.

<p>acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a high concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is considered ______.

<p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methyl orange turns ______ in acidic solutions and yellow in basic solutions.

<p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are examples of strong ______.

<p>bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acetic acid (CH3COOH), found in vinegar, is a ______ acid.

<p>weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is considered a ______ base because it does not fully dissociate in water.

<p>weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of any other indicator, the test tube containing distilled water will not change the color of red litmus paper, whereas the ______ solution will turn red litmus paper blue, and the acidic solution will keep it red.

<p>basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction between an acid and a base is known as a ______ reaction, which results in the formation of salt and water.

<p>neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] indicators are substances that exhibit a change in odor when exposed to acidic or basic media, enabling the differentiation between the two.

<p>Olfactory</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strength of an acid or a base is measured using the ______ scale, where values below 7 indicate acidity, values above 7 indicate basicity, and a value of 7 indicates neutrality.

<p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

When testing solutions with indicators, it is important to use a ______ watch-glass to avoid contamination and ensure accurate color observation.

<p>clean</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an example of a ______ acid, while acetic acid ($CH_3COOH$) is an example of a weak acid based on their degree of ionization in water.

<p>strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium hydroxide [$Ca(OH)_2$] is considered a strong base because it completely dissociates into ions in water. However, due to its low solubility in water, it is considered a ______ base.

<p>weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using cloth strips prepared with chopped onions as olfactory indicators, a change in odor can indicate the presence of an acid or a base; the acid typically ______ or diminishes the onion's odor, while the base may intensify it or alter its characteristic scent.

<p>neutralizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical behavior of acids and bases is primarily determined by their ability to donate or accept ______ ions, respectively, influencing the concentration of these ions in solution.

<p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

During laboratory activities involving acids and bases, it is essential to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles to prevent chemical burns and eye damage due to their corrosive nature. Always add ______ to water slowly while stirring.

<p>acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given only red litmus paper and three unlabeled test tubes containing distilled water, an acidic solution, and a basic solution, the identification process hinges on the principle that acids ______ red litmus, bases turn red litmus ______, and distilled water produces ______ observable color change.

<p>retain, blue, no</p> Signup and view all the answers

When employing olfactory indicators to differentiate between a strong monoprotic acid and a weak diprotic acid of equivalent molarity, the comparative change in odor intensity would be more pronounced in the presence of the ______ acid due to its heightened degree of ______.

<p>strong, dissociation</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a novel amphoteric oxide demonstrates an ability to react with both dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated sodium hydroxide, but exhibits a marked preference for the latter, the relative ______ of the oxide suggests an augmented ______ character.

<p>basicity, anionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where methyl orange is used to titrate a solution of potassium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, the endpoint color transition occurs due to the ______ of the indicator's molecular structure, induced by fluctuations in ______ concentration.

<p>protonation, hydronium/H3O+</p> Signup and view all the answers

When gaseous ammonia is dissolved in water, the subsequent equilibrium established favors the formation of ______ ions and ______ ions, thereby rendering the solution alkaline and capable of turning litmus paper ______.

<p>ammonium, hydroxide, blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon of acid rain, characterized by a pH lower than 5.6, is primarily attributed to the dissolution of atmospheric ______ and ______ oxides, leading to the formation of dilute ______ and ______ acids.

<p>sulfur, nitrogen, sulfuric, nitric</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Lewis acid-base theory, the reaction between boron trifluoride ($BF_3$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) results in the formation of a coordinate covalent bond, wherein $BF_3$ acts as the ______ and $NH_3$ functions as the ______.

<p>acid, base</p> Signup and view all the answers

The autoprotolysis of water, represented by the equilibrium $2H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + OH^-$, implies that even in pure water, there exist hydronium and hydroxide ions, with their concentrations at 25°C defining the ______ of water as $1.0 \times 10^{-14}$, a benchmark reflective of water's inherent ______.

<p>ionic product, self-ionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

When titrating a polyprotic acid, such as sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$), with a strong base, the titration curve exhibits multiple equivalence points, each corresponding to the sequential ______ of protons. These equivalence points are distinguishable by inflections in the curve and can be precisely determined using appropriate ______.

<p>deprotonation, indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an aqueous solution of a weak acid, with an initial concentration of 0.1 M and a dissociation constant ($K_a$) of $1.8 \times 10^{-5}$, is subjected to dilution. The degree of dissociation of the weak acid will ______ as the solution is diluted, in accordance with ______'s dilution law.

<p>increase, Ostwald</p> Signup and view all the answers

An indicator like litmus paper changes ______ depending on whether it is in an acidic or basic solution.

<p>color</p> Signup and view all the answers

To test a solution with red litmus paper, observe whether it turns ______, which indicates a basic solution.

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances whose odor changes in acidic or basic media are called ______ indicators.

<p>olfactory</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a substance does not change the color of red litmus paper, it could either be ______ or neutral.

<p>acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrochloric acid has the chemical formula ______.

<p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is ______.

<p>H2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical formula for acetic acid is ______.

<p>CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium hydroxide has the chemical formula ______.

<p>Ca(OH)2</p> Signup and view all the answers

To distinguish between distilled water, an acidic solution, and a basic solution using only red litmus paper, one would first test each solution; the one turning the red litmus ______ is basic, while the other two require an additional step of testing the effect of the basic solution on the remaining two to see which among them restores the litmus color back to red, thus identifying the ______ solution.

<p>blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

The exploitation of characteristic shifts in the frequency of surface plasmon resonance, induced by selective physisorption of volatile organic compounds onto a functionalized plasmon-resonant substrate represents a frontier in ______ indicator technology, enabling the quantification, at parts-per-billion sensitivities, of complex gaseous mixtures, an advancement that transcends traditional olfactory methods.

<p>olfactory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Red litmus paper

Used to test if a solution is acidic or basic.

Acidic solution

A solution with a pH less than 7, turns red litmus blue.

Basic solution

A solution with a pH greater than 7, turns red litmus blue.

Indicators

Substances that change color to indicate acidity or basicity.

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Phenolphthalein

An indicator that turns pink in basic solutions.

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Methyl orange

An indicator that turns red in acidic solutions.

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Olfactory indicators

Substances whose odor changes in acidic or basic solutions.

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pH scale

Measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

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Hydrochloric acid

A strong acid, commonly used in laboratories.

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Sodium hydroxide

A strong base used in cleaning products.

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Testing with red litmus

Red litmus paper turns blue in basic solutions.

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Phenolphthalein color change

Turns pink in basic solutions, colorless in acids.

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Methyl orange response

Turns red in acidic solutions, yellow in neutral to basic.

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Testing acids in lab

Use indicators to find the acidity of solutions.

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Acid examples

Common acids: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH.

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Base examples

Common bases: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KOH, Mg(OH)2, NH4OH.

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Indicators usage

Indicators change color to show acid/base properties.

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Observing color changes

Record changes in color when using indicators.

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Laboratory acids and bases

Identify chemical properties of common acids and bases.

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Identifying test tube contents

Use red litmus paper to test solutions in tubes.

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Lab acids

Common acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and acetic acids.

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Lab bases

Common bases include sodium, calcium, and potassium hydroxides.

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Color change indicators

Indicators provide visual color change to indicate pH levels.

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Testing indicators

Use red and blue litmus paper to test solutions' acidity or basicity.

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Observation table

Record color changes for each solution tested with indicators.

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Testing method

Put drops of solutions on a watch-glass and add indicators.

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Chopped onions test

Cloth strips from onions change odor to identify acids and bases.

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Color changes

Observing color shifts of indicators reveals acidity or basicity.

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Indicators with acids

Indicators will change color when testing acidic solutions.

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Indicators with bases

Indicators change color to show a solution is basic.

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Hydrochloric acid tests

Test HCl using indicators to show acid properties.

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Sodium hydroxide tests

Test NaOH using indicators to show basic properties.

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Phenolphthalein usage

Used to identify basic solutions by color change.

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Observing color with indicators

Color shifts help to determine if solutions are acidic or basic.

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Testing with indicators

Use indicators to determine if a solution is acidic or basic.

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Red litmus paper test

Red litmus paper turns blue in basic solutions and remains red in acids.

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Chemical properties of acids

Acids turn blue litmus red and have a pH less than 7.

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Chemical properties of bases

Bases turn red litmus blue and have a pH greater than 7.

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Hydrochloric acid testing

HCl can be tested using red litmus, which turns blue since it's a strong acid.

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Sodium hydroxide testing

NaOH testing results in red litmus turning blue as it is a strong base.

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Onion test method

Cloth strips from onions can indicate acidic or basic solutions by odor change.

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Observing indicators

Indicators like phenolphthalein and methyl orange change color in acids and bases.

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Study Notes

Acids and Bases in the Laboratory

  • Collect solutions: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃), acetic acid (CH₃COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂], potassium hydroxide (KOH), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)₂], and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH).
  • Test solutions: Place a drop of each solution on a watch glass and add drops of red litmus, blue litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange solutions. Record the color changes for each solution with each indicator. Note observations in a table. Be thorough in your record keeping.
  • Tabulate observations: Create a table to meticulously record the results for each solution and its reaction with each indicator like red litmus solution, blue litmus solution, phenolphthalein solution, and methyl orange solution. Include the sample solution tested.

Olfactory Indicators

  • Onion strips: Use finely chopped onions wrapped in clean cloth and stored overnight in a refrigerator to create odor indicators.
  • Testing: Test the odor of the onion cloth strips.
  • Acid/base reaction: Apply drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to one strip and dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to the other to observe odor changes. These changes of odor are called olfactory indicators.

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Description

This quiz covers experiments related to acids and bases, including the collection and testing of various solutions such as hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Additionally, it explores the use of olfactory indicators like onion strips in acid-base reactions. Test your understanding of the observations and results from these laboratory activities.

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