Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a property of acids?
What is the general equation for a neutralization reaction?
Which of the following is NOT a common use of acids?
What is the pH range for acidic solutions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a base?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a property of salts?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the pH scale indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an example of a salt?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acids
- Definition: Substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction.
-
Properties:
- Sour taste
- Conduct electricity in solution
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
-
Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
Bases
- Definition: Substances that accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a reaction.
-
Properties:
- Bitter taste
- Slippery feel
- Conduct electricity in solution
- Turn red litmus paper blue
-
Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)
Salts
- Definition: Ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
-
Properties:
- Usually crystalline at room temperature
- High melting and boiling points
- Can conduct electricity when dissolved in water
-
Examples:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) - common table salt
- Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄)
- Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃)
pH Scale
- Range: 0 to 14
- Acidic: pH < 7
- Neutral: pH = 7 (pure water)
- Basic: pH > 7
- Significance: Indicates the concentration of H⁺ ions in a solution; lower pH means higher acidity, higher pH means higher alkalinity.
Neutralization Reaction
- Definition: A chemical reaction between an acid and a base producing salt and water.
-
General Equation:
- Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- Importance: Used in various applications, including antacid formulations and in treating acidic soils.
Common Uses
- Acids: Food preservation, battery production, cleaning agents.
- Bases: Cleaning products, antacids, soap making.
- Salts: Food seasoning, fertilizers, water softeners.
Acids
- Acids are substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) during chemical reactions.
- Characteristic properties include a sour taste, the ability to conduct electricity in solution, turning blue litmus paper red, and reacting with metals to release hydrogen gas.
- Notable examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and acetic acid (CH₃COOH).
Bases
- Bases are substances that either accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in reactions.
- They are identified by their bitter taste, slippery texture, ability to conduct electricity in solution, and their capacity to turn red litmus paper blue.
- Common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
Salts
- Salts are ionic compounds produced through the neutralization of an acid and a base.
- They typically form crystalline structures at room temperature, possess high melting and boiling points, and can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- Examples of salts are sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃).
pH Scale
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, measuring the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
- Solutions with a pH less than 7 are classified as acidic, a pH of 7 indicates neutrality (like pure water), and a pH greater than 7 indicates basicity.
- The pH value reflects the concentration of H⁺ ions; lower pH indicates stronger acidity, while higher pH indicates stronger alkalinity.
Neutralization Reaction
- A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water.
- The general equation for this reaction is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
- This type of reaction is vital in various applications such as antacid production and acidic soil treatment.
Common Uses
- Acids are commonly used in food preservation, battery production, and as cleaning agents.
- Bases find applications in cleaning products, antacids, and soap manufacturing.
- Salts are widely used for seasoning food, in fertilizers, and as water softeners.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the definitions, properties, and examples of acids and bases in chemistry, including their reactions and characteristics.
