Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances is an example of a base?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
What are the characteristics of acids?
Taste sour, conduct electricity, low pH, corrosive
What is the potential of hydrogen (pH) scale used to measure?
Concentration of ions in a solution
Which acid is commonly found in lemon juice?
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What type of reaction involves acids and metals?
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What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?
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What is a characteristic of bases?
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Which equation represents the dissociation of a base in water?
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What is the relationship between the concentration of H+ ions and the pH in a solution of acids?
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What happens when acids and bases react to neutralize each other?
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Which reaction involves the production of CO2 gas?
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What is titration used for?
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What is the function of litmus paper?
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What does the Universal pH indicator provide?
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What does a digital pH probe do?
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What does neutralization between acids and bases result in?
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What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?
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What is the chemical structure of sulfuric acid?
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Which acid is found in lemon juice?
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What characteristic is common to all acids?
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What happens when acids and metals react?
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What is the pH scale used to measure?
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What is the function of litmus paper in testing for acidity or basicity?
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What happens when NH3 reacts with water?
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Which reaction involves the production of CO2 gas?
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What is the pH of a substance that has more H cations?
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What does litmus paper indicate in testing for acidity or basicity?
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How is the concentration of an unknown acid or base determined using titration?
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What is the function of a digital pH probe?
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When acids and bases react to neutralize each other, what is formed?
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What is the relationship between the concentration of OH- anions and the pH in a solution of bases?
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"Neutralization" refers to the reaction between acids and bases resulting in the formation of which compound?
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What is the main material used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base during titration?
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What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?
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Which material provides a numerical pH value based on color?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Acids and Bases
- Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate electron pairs.
- Acids possess a characteristic of releasing hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
- Common example of an acid found in lemon juice is citric acid.
- A characteristic common to all acids is their sour taste.
pH Scale and Measurement
- The potential of hydrogen (pH) scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
- A low pH indicates a higher concentration of H+ ions, making a solution more acidic.
- The pH scale typically ranges from 0 (strong acid) to 14 (strong base), with 7 being neutral.
- The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is inversely related to pH in basic solutions.
Reactions Involving Acids and Metals
- Acids react with metals in a reaction that produces hydrogen gas and a corresponding salt.
- Neutralization between acids and bases produces salt and water.
Titration and Indicators
- Titration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base by neutralization.
- Litmus paper tests for acidity or basicity, changing color to indicate pH levels.
- The Universal pH indicator provides a color scale for various pH levels.
- A digital pH probe offers precise numerical pH values based on electrical conductivity.
Chemical Reactions and Products
- When an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water, it creates a conjugate base.
- Reactions producing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas occur when acids react with carbonates.
- The main materials used during titration to identify concentration are pH indicators and standard solutions.
Bases and Their Behaviors
- A key characteristic of bases includes their slippery feel and bitter taste.
- When ammonia (NH3) reacts with water, it forms ammonium (NH4+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
- The relationship between OH- concentration and pH indicates that higher OH- concentrations result in higher pH values.
Outcomes of Acid-Base Reactions
- Neutralization reactions between acids and bases result in the formation of water and a salt.
- Loss of hydrogen ion from an acid signifies a shift in the acid towards a weaker form or its conjugate base.
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Description
Prepare for your unit 5 assessment on acids and bases by testing your knowledge of classifying acids and bases, using common acids and bases in reactions, identifying acid or base properties, measuring pH, and understanding reactions involving acids and metals as well as carbonates.
