Acids and Bases Study Guide: Chemical Structure, Reactions, and Properties
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following substances is an example of a base?

  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (correct)
  • Sulfuric acid
  • Lemon juice
  • Hydrochloric acid

    • What are the characteristics of acids?

  • Taste bitter, conduct electricity, low pH, corrosive
  • Taste sour, do not conduct electricity, high pH, corrosive
  • Taste sweet, conduct electricity, high pH, non-corrosive
  • Taste sour, conduct electricity, low pH, corrosive (correct)

    • What is the potential of hydrogen (pH) scale used to measure?

  • Volume of a solution
  • Conductivity of a solution
  • Temperature of a solution
  • Concentration of ions in a solution (correct)

    • Which acid is commonly found in lemon juice?

    <p>Citric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction involves acids and metals?

    <p>Oxidation-reduction reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?

    <p>It forms hydronium ions (H3O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bases?

    <p>They conduct electricity as they contain ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the dissociation of a base in water?

    <p>$NaOH + H2O → Na+ + OH- + H2O$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the concentration of H+ ions and the pH in a solution of acids?

    <p>The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when acids and bases react to neutralize each other?

    <p>They form salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the production of CO2 gas?

    <p>$HCl + CaCO3 → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is titration used for?

    <p>To determine the concentration of an acid or a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of litmus paper?

    <p>To identify if something is an acid or a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Universal pH indicator provide?

    <p>A color-based indication of pH level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a digital pH probe do?

    <p>It gives an exact number on the pH level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does neutralization between acids and bases result in?

    <p>Salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?

    <p>It forms hydronium ions (H3O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical structure of sulfuric acid?

    <p>H2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is found in lemon juice?

    <p>CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common to all acids?

    <p>Conduct electricity as they contain ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when acids and metals react?

    <p>Formation of water and a salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH scale used to measure?

    <p>Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of litmus paper in testing for acidity or basicity?

    <p>Changes color to indicate whether a solution is acidic or basic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when NH3 reacts with water?

    <p>NH4OH + OH-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the production of CO2 gas?

    <p>acid + carbonates → salt + water + CO2 gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of a substance that has more H cations?

    <p>Lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does litmus paper indicate in testing for acidity or basicity?

    <p>Changes color based on the presence of H+ or OH- ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the concentration of an unknown acid or base determined using titration?

    <p>By reaching a pH level of 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a digital pH probe?

    <p>Identifies the exact concentration of H+ ions in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When acids and bases react to neutralize each other, what is formed?

    <p>Salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the concentration of OH- anions and the pH in a solution of bases?

    <p>Higher OH- concentration results in higher pH and stronger base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Neutralization" refers to the reaction between acids and bases resulting in the formation of which compound?

    <p>Salt and Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main material used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base during titration?

    <p>Buret</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water?

    <p>It increases the concentration of H+ ions in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material provides a numerical pH value based on color?

    <p>Universal pH indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Characteristics of Acids and Bases

    • Bases are substances that can accept protons or donate electron pairs.
    • Acids possess a characteristic of releasing hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
    • Common example of an acid found in lemon juice is citric acid.
    • A characteristic common to all acids is their sour taste.

    pH Scale and Measurement

    • The potential of hydrogen (pH) scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
    • A low pH indicates a higher concentration of H+ ions, making a solution more acidic.
    • The pH scale typically ranges from 0 (strong acid) to 14 (strong base), with 7 being neutral.
    • The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is inversely related to pH in basic solutions.

    Reactions Involving Acids and Metals

    • Acids react with metals in a reaction that produces hydrogen gas and a corresponding salt.
    • Neutralization between acids and bases produces salt and water.

    Titration and Indicators

    • Titration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base by neutralization.
    • Litmus paper tests for acidity or basicity, changing color to indicate pH levels.
    • The Universal pH indicator provides a color scale for various pH levels.
    • A digital pH probe offers precise numerical pH values based on electrical conductivity.

    Chemical Reactions and Products

    • When an acid loses one positive hydrogen ion in water, it creates a conjugate base.
    • Reactions producing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas occur when acids react with carbonates.
    • The main materials used during titration to identify concentration are pH indicators and standard solutions.

    Bases and Their Behaviors

    • A key characteristic of bases includes their slippery feel and bitter taste.
    • When ammonia (NH3) reacts with water, it forms ammonium (NH4+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
    • The relationship between OH- concentration and pH indicates that higher OH- concentrations result in higher pH values.

    Outcomes of Acid-Base Reactions

    • Neutralization reactions between acids and bases result in the formation of water and a salt.
    • Loss of hydrogen ion from an acid signifies a shift in the acid towards a weaker form or its conjugate base.

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    Bryce Greenwald - Science Unit 5 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your unit 5 assessment on acids and bases by testing your knowledge of classifying acids and bases, using common acids and bases in reactions, identifying acid or base properties, measuring pH, and understanding reactions involving acids and metals as well as carbonates.

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