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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of acids?
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
Which of the following is a strong base?
What is formed when an acid and a base react?
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What is the definition of a base?
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What is a characteristic of strong acids?
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Study Notes
Acids
- Definition: A substance that donates a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characteristics:
- Sour taste
- Conduct electricity
- Turn blue litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
Bases
- Definition: A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characteristics:
- Bitter taste
- Feel slippery to the touch
- Conduct electricity
- Turn red litmus paper blue
- React with oils to produce soap
- Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Ammonia (NH3)
pH Scale
- A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution
- Range: 0-14
- pH 7: Neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
- pH < 7: Acidic
- pH > 7: Basic
Salt
- Definition: A substance formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
- Characteristics:
- Typically neutral in nature
- Can be acidic or basic depending on the acid and base used
- Often crystalline in nature
- Examples:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) - formed from HCl and NaOH
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - formed from H2CO3 and Ca(OH)2
- Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) - formed from HNO3 and NH3
Strong and Weak Acids/Bases
- Strong acids:
- Completely dissociate in water
- Examples: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
- Weak acids:
- Partially dissociate in water
- Examples: CH3COOH, HCN
- Strong bases:
- Completely dissociate in water
- Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)2
- Weak bases:
- Partially dissociate in water
- Examples: NH3, CH3NH2
Acids
- Donate a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characterized by sour taste, ability to conduct electricity, and turning blue litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3)
Bases
- Accept a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characterized by bitter taste, slippery texture, and ability to conduct electricity
- Turn red litmus paper blue and react with oils to produce soap
- Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and ammonia (NH3)
pH Scale
- Measures acidity or basicity of a solution
- Ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral
- pH values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate basicity
Salts
- Formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
- Typically neutral, but can be acidic or basic depending on the reactants
- Often crystalline in nature
- Examples include sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
Acid and Base Strength
- Strong acids completely dissociate in water, examples include HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3
- Weak acids partially dissociate in water, examples include CH3COOH and HCN
- Strong bases completely dissociate in water, examples include NaOH and Ca(OH)2
- Weak bases partially dissociate in water, examples include NH3 and CH3NH2
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Description
Learn about the definitions, characteristics, and examples of acids and bases, including their properties and reactions.
