Acids and Alkalis Key Points for Key Stage 3 Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of neutralization reaction?

  • To form gas and solid
  • To form salt and water (correct)
  • To increase the acidity of a substance
  • To decrease the pH value of a substance
  • In the equation for neutralization, what are the reactants?

  • Base and Salt
  • Acid and Base (correct)
  • Acid and Water
  • Salt and Water
  • What pH range defines neutral solutions?

  • 7-14 (correct)
  • 1-6
  • 3-9
  • 0-7
  • Which safety precaution is important when handling acids and alkalis?

    <p>Mixing acid into water, not water into acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should appropriate protective clothing like goggles and gloves be worn when handling acids and alkalis?

    <p>To protect against burns and irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property of acids that allows us to distinguish them from alkalis?

    <p>Sour taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid is commonly found in citrus fruits?

    <p>Citric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do alkalis react with acids?

    <p>To form salt and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkali is used in the manufacture of fertilizers and soaps?

    <p>Potassium hydroxide (KOH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are released by alkalis when dissolved in water?

    <p>Hydroxide ions (OH⁻)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Alkalis

    • Acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, with a pH value below 7.
    • Examples of acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
    • Properties of acids: sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.
    • Uses of acids: hydrochloric acid in fertilizer production and steel pickling, sulfuric acid in car batteries and detergent production, citric acid as a food additive and in cleaning products.

    Alkalis

    • Alkali is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, with a pH value above 7.
    • Examples of alkalis: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH₃).
    • Properties of alkalis: bitter taste, slippery feel, turn red litmus paper blue, and react with acids to form salt and water (neutralization reaction).
    • Uses of alkalis: sodium hydroxide in soap and paper production, potassium hydroxide in fertilizer and soap production, ammonia in household cleaning products and as a fertilizer.

    Neutralization

    • Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base (alkali) to form salt and water.
    • Example of neutralization: hydrochloric acid (HCl) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH) → sodium chloride (NaCl) + water (H₂O).

    pH Scale

    • pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, ranging from 0 to 14.
    • Acidic solutions: pH values below 7.
    • Neutral solutions: pH value of 7 (e.g., pure water).
    • Alkaline solutions: pH values above 7.

    Safety Precautions

    • Handle acids and alkalis with care, as they can cause burns and irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
    • Wear appropriate protective clothing, such as goggles and gloves, when handling these substances.
    • Always dilute acids by adding acid to water, not water to acid, to avoid splashes.
    • Dispose of acids and alkalis safely according to local regulations.

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    Description

    Review the key points about acids and alkalis for Key Stage 3 (KS3) science. Learn about the definition, properties, and examples of acids, including their pH value, taste, reactions, and common types.

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