10 Questions
What is the purpose of neutralization reaction?
To form salt and water
In the equation for neutralization, what are the reactants?
Acid and Base
What pH range defines neutral solutions?
7-14
Which safety precaution is important when handling acids and alkalis?
Mixing acid into water, not water into acid
Why should appropriate protective clothing like goggles and gloves be worn when handling acids and alkalis?
To protect against burns and irritation
What is a common property of acids that allows us to distinguish them from alkalis?
Sour taste
Which acid is commonly found in citrus fruits?
Citric acid
How do alkalis react with acids?
To form salt and water
Which alkali is used in the manufacture of fertilizers and soaps?
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
What ions are released by alkalis when dissolved in water?
Hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
Study Notes
Acids and Alkalis
- Acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, with a pH value below 7.
- Examples of acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), citric acid (found in citrus fruits).
- Properties of acids: sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, and react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas.
- Uses of acids: hydrochloric acid in fertilizer production and steel pickling, sulfuric acid in car batteries and detergent production, citric acid as a food additive and in cleaning products.
Alkalis
- Alkali is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water, with a pH value above 7.
- Examples of alkalis: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH₃).
- Properties of alkalis: bitter taste, slippery feel, turn red litmus paper blue, and react with acids to form salt and water (neutralization reaction).
- Uses of alkalis: sodium hydroxide in soap and paper production, potassium hydroxide in fertilizer and soap production, ammonia in household cleaning products and as a fertilizer.
Neutralization
- Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base (alkali) to form salt and water.
- Example of neutralization: hydrochloric acid (HCl) + sodium hydroxide (NaOH) → sodium chloride (NaCl) + water (H₂O).
pH Scale
- pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, ranging from 0 to 14.
- Acidic solutions: pH values below 7.
- Neutral solutions: pH value of 7 (e.g., pure water).
- Alkaline solutions: pH values above 7.
Safety Precautions
- Handle acids and alkalis with care, as they can cause burns and irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
- Wear appropriate protective clothing, such as goggles and gloves, when handling these substances.
- Always dilute acids by adding acid to water, not water to acid, to avoid splashes.
- Dispose of acids and alkalis safely according to local regulations.
Review the key points about acids and alkalis for Key Stage 3 (KS3) science. Learn about the definition, properties, and examples of acids, including their pH value, taste, reactions, and common types.
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