12 Questions
______ and alkalis are used to test the pH of substances.
Indicators
______ is an indicator that turns red in acids.
Litmus
Common ______ include vinegar and lemon juice.
acids
______ signs are used to warn people of chemical hazards.
Hazard
The pH scale runs from ______ to 14.
1
Alkalis can cancel out ______ to make them neutral.
acids
Indicators are coloured ______ which often come from plants such as red cabbage and beetroot.
dyes
Stronger acids such as ______ and nitric acids can be more dangerous.
sulphuric
Weak alkalis include ______ and toothpaste.
soap
Bottles in the laboratory and tankers carrying chemicals on the road all have to carry ______ warning labels.
hazard
You can find out the pH number using a universal indicator, or by using a ______ meter.
pH
Neutralising reactions can be important in ______, to make sure the soil is the correct pH.
gardening
Study Notes
Acids and Alkalis
- Indicators are coloured dyes, often derived from plants like red cabbage and beetroot, that change colour in the presence of acids.
- Litmus is an indicator that turns red in acids.
- Common acids include vinegar, lemon juice, fizzy drinks, pickles, and spicy sauces.
Properties of Acids
- Stronger acids like sulphuric and nitric acids can be more dangerous and corrosive.
Alkalis
- Alkalis have a different effect on indicators than acids, with litmus turning blue in alkalis.
- Weak alkalis include soap and toothpaste.
- Like strong acids, alkalis can also be corrosive.
Hazard Warning Labels
- Hazard warning labels are used to indicate chemical hazards on laboratory bottles and chemical tankers.
- Common warning signs include: toxic (poisonous), harmful (irritant), corrosive, and flammable.
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the strength of acids and alkalis, ranging from 1 to 14.
- pH numbers 1 to 6 are acids, 7 is neutral, and 8 to 14 are alkalis.
Measuring pH
- pH numbers can be determined using a universal indicator or a pH meter.
Neutralising Reactions
- Alkalis can cancel out acids, making them neutral.
- Neutralising reactions are important in:
- Gardening and agriculture to maintain optimal soil pH.
- Treating insect stings and bites.
- Controlling indigestion caused by excess acid in the stomach.
- Maintaining the correct pH in food production, such as in making jam.
This quiz covers the basics of acids and alkalis, including indicators, their effects on substances, and examples of common acids and alkalis. Learn about the differences between acids and alkalis and their characteristics.
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