Podcast
Questions and Answers
______ and alkalis are used to test the pH of substances.
______ and alkalis are used to test the pH of substances.
Indicators
______ is an indicator that turns red in acids.
______ is an indicator that turns red in acids.
Litmus
Common ______ include vinegar and lemon juice.
Common ______ include vinegar and lemon juice.
acids
______ signs are used to warn people of chemical hazards.
______ signs are used to warn people of chemical hazards.
The pH scale runs from ______ to 14.
The pH scale runs from ______ to 14.
Alkalis can cancel out ______ to make them neutral.
Alkalis can cancel out ______ to make them neutral.
Indicators are coloured ______ which often come from plants such as red cabbage and beetroot.
Indicators are coloured ______ which often come from plants such as red cabbage and beetroot.
Stronger acids such as ______ and nitric acids can be more dangerous.
Stronger acids such as ______ and nitric acids can be more dangerous.
Weak alkalis include ______ and toothpaste.
Weak alkalis include ______ and toothpaste.
Bottles in the laboratory and tankers carrying chemicals on the road all have to carry ______ warning labels.
Bottles in the laboratory and tankers carrying chemicals on the road all have to carry ______ warning labels.
You can find out the pH number using a universal indicator, or by using a ______ meter.
You can find out the pH number using a universal indicator, or by using a ______ meter.
Neutralising reactions can be important in ______, to make sure the soil is the correct pH.
Neutralising reactions can be important in ______, to make sure the soil is the correct pH.
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Study Notes
Acids and Alkalis
- Indicators are coloured dyes, often derived from plants like red cabbage and beetroot, that change colour in the presence of acids.
- Litmus is an indicator that turns red in acids.
- Common acids include vinegar, lemon juice, fizzy drinks, pickles, and spicy sauces.
Properties of Acids
- Stronger acids like sulphuric and nitric acids can be more dangerous and corrosive.
Alkalis
- Alkalis have a different effect on indicators than acids, with litmus turning blue in alkalis.
- Weak alkalis include soap and toothpaste.
- Like strong acids, alkalis can also be corrosive.
Hazard Warning Labels
- Hazard warning labels are used to indicate chemical hazards on laboratory bottles and chemical tankers.
- Common warning signs include: toxic (poisonous), harmful (irritant), corrosive, and flammable.
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the strength of acids and alkalis, ranging from 1 to 14.
- pH numbers 1 to 6 are acids, 7 is neutral, and 8 to 14 are alkalis.
Measuring pH
- pH numbers can be determined using a universal indicator or a pH meter.
Neutralising Reactions
- Alkalis can cancel out acids, making them neutral.
- Neutralising reactions are important in:
- Gardening and agriculture to maintain optimal soil pH.
- Treating insect stings and bites.
- Controlling indigestion caused by excess acid in the stomach.
- Maintaining the correct pH in food production, such as in making jam.
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