✓204 ACID vs BASE Properties in Databases (Tradeoffs)

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Questions and Answers

In the context of a bank transfer, what must be maintained to ensure correct operation?

  • Debits can exceed available funds.
  • Isolation from all types of transactions is unnecessary.
  • Consistency of total funds must be maintained. (correct)
  • The transaction can be non-atomic.

When is the ACID model particularly ideal to use?

  • In systems with low data integrity requirements.
  • For applications requiring high reliability and data integrity. (correct)
  • In non-financial systems with temporary data.
  • Where fast but inconsistent updates are more important.

Which of the following properties are NOT part of the ACID model but are part of BASE? (Select all that apply)

  • Atomicity
  • Basically available (correct)
  • Eventual consistency (correct)
  • Soft state (correct)

In a database transaction, what does atomicity ensure?

<p>Operations within the transaction are indivisible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ACID stand for in the context of database transactions?

<p>Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of ACID guarantees that a transaction is either fully completed or not executed at all?

<p>Atomicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ACID property ensures that transactions are processed without interfering with each other?

<p>Isolation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the durability aspect of ACID ensure?

<p>Completed transactions remain so even in case of failure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does BASE differ from ACID?

<p>BASE emphasizes availability and partition tolerance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes how ACID properties affect database design?

<p>They guarantee reliable processing of transactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of ACID ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after a transaction?

<p>Consistency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ACID?

<p>Data consistency and reliability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of database is ACID typically used?

<p>Relational databases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does BASE prioritize over data consistency?

<p>System availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which scenario is BASE better suited?

<p>Large-scale data processing that requires high availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the differences between ACID and BASE is true?

<p>ACID favors data integrity while BASE focuses on availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does BASE allow for in exchange for high availability?

<p>Greater data inconsistency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of systems using BASE architecture?

<p>They typically require less stringent consistency guarantees. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ACID impact application design?

<p>It necessitates strong consistency mechanisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Basically Available' indicate in a BASE model?

<p>The system is often operational but not necessarily consistent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the BASE model suggests that system states can change without user input?

<p>Soft State (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Eventual Consistency' mean in the context of the BASE model?

<p>The system will achieve consistency over time if allowed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is the BASE model deemed most suitable?

<p>Systems prioritizing high availability and partition tolerance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of the BASE model in distributed systems?

<p>It can lead to temporary inconsistencies visible to users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a social media platform demonstrate the principles of the BASE model?

<p>By providing a user experience where like counts can vary before stabilizing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core component of the BASE model?

<p>Immediate Consistency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What alternative is BASE to in distributed systems?

<p>ACID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is ACID?

ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties ensure reliable database transactions.

Atomicity

Atomicity ensures either all changes made in a transaction are applied or none are applied at all. No partial changes allowed.

Consistency

Consistency guarantees that each transaction leaves the database in a valid state. Data integrity is maintained.

Isolation

Isolation ensures that transactions happen independently. Multiple transactions running concurrently won't interfere with each other.

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Durability

Durability guarantees that once a transaction is successfully completed, its changes are permanently stored. No data loss.

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What is BASE?

BASE stands for Basically Available, Soft-state, Eventually consistent. It's a set of properties for handling transactions in distributed databases.

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Basically Available (BASE)

Basically Available means that the database remains accessible, even if some parts are down. Focus on availability.

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Soft-state (BASE)

Soft-state allows for temporary inconsistencies in data between different nodes in a distributed system, eventually becoming consistent.

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BASE

A set of properties for handling transactions in distributed databases, prioritizing availability over strict consistency.

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Eventually Consistent (BASE)

A BASE property guaranteeing that data will eventually reach a consistent state across all nodes, though there may be temporary inconsistencies.

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What is Basically Available?

The system is readily accessible most of the time, even with partial failures.

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What is Soft State?

The system's data can change dynamically without external input. It's like a constantly evolving snapshot.

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What is Eventual Consistency?

Data becomes consistent after a period, not immediately.

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Example of BASE in action

A system that uses BASE may show temporary differences in data for different users (like a fluctuating like count), but eventually, everyone will see the correct information.

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When is BASE suitable?

Systems like social networks or e-commerce platforms where availability and handling outages are crucial, even if data isn't perfectly consistent.

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What is the core difference between ACID and BASE?

ACID ensures strong data consistency through strict rules, while BASE prioritizes availability at the cost of strict consistency, making it suitable for dynamic and potentially less critical data.

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Explain real-world scenarios for BASE

BASE is often used in situations like social networks where fast updates and high availability are critical, even if some data might be temporarily inconsistent.

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Atomicity (ACID)

Atomicity ensures that a transaction either completes entirely or fails completely. No partial changes are allowed.

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Consistency (ACID)

Consistency guarantees that every transaction leaves the database in a valid state, maintaining data integrity.

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Isolation (ACID)

Isolation ensures that concurrent transactions run independently, without interfering with each other.

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Durability (ACID)

Durability guarantees that once a transaction is successfully completed, its changes are permanently stored, even if the system crashes.

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Study Notes

ACID Properties

  • Definition: ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. It's a set of properties ensuring reliable database transaction processing (prioritizes consistency).
  • Components:
    • Atomicity: A transaction is either fully completed or not at all.
    • Consistency: A transaction moves the database from one valid state to another.
    • Isolation: Concurrent transactions don't interfere with each other.
    • Durability: A committed transaction persists, even after system failure.
  • Example: A bank transfer (debit one account, credit another) must be atomic, maintain total funds, and changes must be permanent. This is an example of a transaction that needs ACID properties.
  • Use Cases: Systems needing high reliability and data integrity (like banking or financial systems).

BASE Properties

  • Definition: BASE stands for Basically Available, Soft state, and Eventual consistency. It's an alternative to ACID, prioritizing availability in distributed systems.
  • Components:
    • Basically Available: The system is mostly always available.
    • Soft State: The system state can change over time, even without user input.
    • Eventual Consistency: The system becomes consistent eventually, given enough time.
  • Example: A social media platform might show differing counts of likes for a short while until all users see the correct eventual count.
  • Use Cases: Distributed systems requiring high availability and scalability, like social networks, and e-commerce catalogs.

Key Differences

  • Consistency & Availability: ACID prioritizes the reliability of each transaction, BASE prioritizes system availability and allows for some data inconsistency.
  • System Design: ACID is primarily used with relational databases, while BASE is often used with NoSQL and distributed databases.
  • Use Cases: ACID is suitable for applications needing strong data integrity, while BASE is better for large-scale applications wanting high availability and scalability.

Conclusion

  • ACID is crucial for systems requiring reliable, consistent transactions.
  • BASE is beneficial for environments demanding high availability, scalability, and where some data inconsistency is acceptable.

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