Acid Catalysis and Alkoxides
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Questions and Answers

What type of catalysis can break the C-OH bond in alcohol?

  • Metal catalysis
  • Radical catalysis
  • Acid catalysis (correct)
  • Base catalysis

    • Why does acid catalysis have difficulty breaking the C-OH bond in phenols?

  • Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl ring
  • Because phenols are stronger bases than alcohols
  • Because phenols are weaker acids than alcohols
  • Due to the resonance stabilization of the phenolate conjugate base (correct)

    • What is the reason behind the difficulty in converting alcohols to their alkoxides using sodium hydroxide?

  • Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols
  • Alcohols are stronger acids than phenols
  • Alkoxides are weaker bases than hydroxide
  • Alkoxides are stronger bases than hydroxide (correct)

    • What is the benefit of using a stronger base such as sodium hydride or potassium metal to convert aliphatic alcohols to their alkoxides?

    <p>It allows for the formation of alkoxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between t-butyl alcohol and potassium metal?

    <p>Potassium t-butoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HCl in the preparation of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)?

    <p>It is used to dissolve CrO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the oxidizing agent [O] in the oxidation of primary alcohols?

    <p>It oxidizes the alcohol to a carboxylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols?

    <p>Primary alcohols oxidize to carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols oxidize to ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of H2SO4 in the dehydration of alcohols to alkenes?

    <p>To act as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using PCC as an oxidizing agent?

    <p>To stop the oxidation at the aldehyde level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do tertiary alcohols not undergo oxidation reactions?

    <p>Because they do not have a hydrogen atom on the carbonyl carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heat in the dehydration of alcohols to alkenes?

    <p>To provide energy for the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major product of the dehydration reaction of 3-methyl-2-butanol, according to Zaitsev's rule?

    <p>The alkene with three alkyl groups on the double-bonded carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the dehydration reaction of alcohols to alkenes?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo dehydrogenation to form a carbonyl compound?

    <p>Tertiary alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required as a catalyst in the hydration reaction to produce an alcohol?

    <p>A trace of acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is the dehydration of alcohols?

    <p>Elimination reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Pt, Pd, or Ni in the hydrogenation reaction?

    <p>To act as a catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the dehydration of alcohols?

    <p>Production of an alkene and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reverse reaction of the hydration reaction?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hydroxyl group named in a molecule with carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or ketone functionalities?

    <p>As a substituent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the alcohol with the structure CH₃CH₂OH?

    <p>t-butyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the alcohol with the structure CH₂OHCH₂Cl?

    <p>2-Chloroethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the ring numbered in a cyclohexanol to minimize the number of carbon atoms with the –OH group?

    <p>Counterclockwise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the alcohol with the structure CH₃CH₂CH₂OH?

    <p>Propanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling points of alcohols?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alcohols?

    <p>R-OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight?

    <p>Due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group present in alcohols?

    <p>Hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the physical properties of alcohols?

    <p>Polarity of the hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the solubility of alcohols in water?

    <p>Because of hydrogen bonding between alcohol and water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend of boiling point and solubility in water as the molecular weight of alcohols increases in a homologous series?

    <p>Boiling point increases, solubility in water decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols?

    <p>Longest chain containing the OH carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority of functional groups in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

    <p>OH group, multiple bonds, halogens, and then alkyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH2OH?

    <p>2-Propyl-1-hexanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the parent compound determined in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

    <p>By identifying the longest chain containing the OH carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CH2OH?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CCH2CH2CH3OH?

    <p>2-Methyl-2-pentanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule for numbering the parent chain in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

    <p>Number the chain from the right to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound HOBrCH2CH2CH3?

    <p>3-Bromo-2-pentanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

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