Acid Catalysis and Alkoxides

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What type of catalysis can break the C-OH bond in alcohol?

Metal catalysis

Radical catalysis

Acid catalysis (correct)

Base catalysis

Why does acid catalysis have difficulty breaking the C-OH bond in phenols?

Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl ring

Because phenols are stronger bases than alcohols

Because phenols are weaker acids than alcohols

Due to the resonance stabilization of the phenolate conjugate base (correct)

What is the reason behind the difficulty in converting alcohols to their alkoxides using sodium hydroxide?

Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols

Alcohols are stronger acids than phenols

Alkoxides are weaker bases than hydroxide

Alkoxides are stronger bases than hydroxide (correct)

What is the benefit of using a stronger base such as sodium hydride or potassium metal to convert aliphatic alcohols to their alkoxides?

It allows for the formation of alkoxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between t-butyl alcohol and potassium metal?

Potassium t-butoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HCl in the preparation of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)?

It is used to dissolve CrO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the oxidizing agent [O] in the oxidation of primary alcohols?

It oxidizes the alcohol to a carboxylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols?

Primary alcohols oxidize to carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols oxidize to ketones Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of H2SO4 in the dehydration of alcohols to alkenes?

To act as a catalyst to increase the reaction rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using PCC as an oxidizing agent?

To stop the oxidation at the aldehyde level Signup and view all the answers

Why do tertiary alcohols not undergo oxidation reactions?

Because they do not have a hydrogen atom on the carbonyl carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heat in the dehydration of alcohols to alkenes?

To provide energy for the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of the dehydration reaction of 3-methyl-2-butanol, according to Zaitsev's rule?

The alkene with three alkyl groups on the double-bonded carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the dehydration reaction of alcohols to alkenes?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following alcohols cannot undergo dehydrogenation to form a carbonyl compound?

Tertiary alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is required as a catalyst in the hydration reaction to produce an alcohol?

A trace of acid Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is the dehydration of alcohols?

Elimination reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Pt, Pd, or Ni in the hydrogenation reaction?

To act as a catalyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the dehydration of alcohols?

Production of an alkene and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the reverse reaction of the hydration reaction?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

How is the hydroxyl group named in a molecule with carboxylic acid, aldehyde, or ketone functionalities?

As a substituent Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the alcohol with the structure CH₃CH₂OH?

t-butyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the alcohol with the structure CH₂OHCH₂Cl?

2-Chloroethanol Signup and view all the answers

How is the ring numbered in a cyclohexanol to minimize the number of carbon atoms with the –OH group?

Counterclockwise Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the alcohol with the structure CH₃CH₂CH₂OH?

Propanol Signup and view all the answers

Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling points of alcohols?

Hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for alcohols?

R-OH Signup and view all the answers

Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight?

Due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group present in alcohols?

Hydroxyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences the physical properties of alcohols?

Polarity of the hydroxyl group Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the solubility of alcohols in water?

Because of hydrogen bonding between alcohol and water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend of boiling point and solubility in water as the molecular weight of alcohols increases in a homologous series?

Boiling point increases, solubility in water decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols?

Longest chain containing the OH carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority of functional groups in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

OH group, multiple bonds, halogens, and then alkyl groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CH2CH2CH2CHCH2OH?

2-Propyl-1-hexanol Signup and view all the answers

How is the parent compound determined in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

By identifying the longest chain containing the OH carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CH2OH?

Ethanol Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound CH3CCH2CH2CH3OH?

2-Methyl-2-pentanol Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for numbering the parent chain in IUPAC nomenclature of alcohols?

Number the chain from the right to the left Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound HOBrCH2CH2CH3?

3-Bromo-2-pentanol Signup and view all the answers