Carboxylic Acids and Related Compounds Quiz

A technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample.

The most abundant peak in a mass spectrum.

Inversely proportional.

Type of spectroscopy that studies the stretching and bending of chemical bonds.

The number of signals in the spectrum.

Directly proportional.

A ketone can be reduced to an alcohol or a carboxylic acid by catalytic hydrogenation. Note - Only ketones with the carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain are reduced to carboxylic acids.

A characteristic of carboxylic acids: they can form resonance-stabilized carboxylate anions.

The IUPAC name for an acid chloride, e.g. Butanoyl chloride.

A characteristic of esters: they can undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.

Acyl substitution reactions.

The mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics involves inhibition of cell wall synthesis.

Depends on the specific compound.

Kinetic enolates are favored under conditions that promote fast deprotonation.

Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is commonly used for the reduction of amides to amines.

The mechanism for the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to aldehydes and ketones is a 1,2-addition.

Organometallic reagents can be sensitive to moisture and air, and they are not always compatible with all functional groups.

The IUPAC name for CH3-CO-CH2-CH3 is Butanone.

Carboxylic acids generally have high melting points due to hydrogen bonding.

Acetal formation is a 1,2-addition reaction where an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde or ketone to form an acetal.

Enolate addition with esters and nitriles involves the reaction of an enolate with an ester or nitrile.

The product formed in the decarboxylation of malonic esters is a 1,3-diacid.

Malonic ester synthesis involves the deprotonation, alkylation, hydrolysis, and decarboxylation of malonic esters.

The dehydration of an aldol product leads to the formation of an enol.

The Claisen reaction is a condensation reaction that involves the formation of β-dicarbonyl compounds.

The Michael reaction is a nucleophilic addition reaction of an enolate to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, resulting in the formation of a ketone.

The aldol reaction is a condensation reaction that involves the formation of β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds. The retro aldol reaction is the reverse of this reaction.

The crossed aldol reaction is a reaction between two different carbonyl compounds, resulting in the formation of a ketone.

The Robinson annulation is a reaction that involves the formation of a cyclic ketone through a sequence of Michael addition and aldol condensation reactions.

Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is commonly used for the reduction of amides to amines.

The IUPAC name for CH3-CO-CH2-CH3 is Butanone.

The Michael reaction is a nucleophilic addition reaction of an enolate to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid - specifically, a β-keto acid.

Carboxylic Acids undergo nucleophilic acylsubstitution reactions.

Mass spectrometry is a technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample.

The 1H NMR spectrum provides information about the number of signals, the chemical shifts of hydrogen atoms, and their multiplicity due to spin-spin coupling.

The Robinson annulation is a reaction that involves the formation of a cyclic ketone through a sequence of Michael addition and aldol condensation reactions.

Mass spectrometry is a technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions in a sample.

The 1H NMR spectrum provides information about the number of signals, which are directly related to the number of distinct hydrogen environments in a molecule.

The general mechanism for the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to aldehydes and ketones involves the attack of the nucleophilic carbon of the Grignard reagent on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde or ketone.

Carboxylic acids generally have high melting points, relatively high boiling points, and are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding, but they can have a strong odor.

The product formed in the decarboxylation of malonic esters is a ketone.

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional; as wavelength increases, frequency decreases, and vice-versa.

The general reactions of carboxylic acids involve nucleophilic acyl substitution, where a nucleophile replaces the leaving group attached to the carbonyl carbon.

Salicylic acid is a phenolic acid that is commonly used as a precursor for the synthesis of aspirin.

Esters are a class of organic compounds that can be prepared from carboxylic acids by reacting them with alcohols.

Amides have a characteristic functional group, -CONH2, and they can be hydrolyzed (broken down by water) to form carboxylic acids.

When a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong, nonnucleophilic base, the main product formed is a carboxylate salt.

Thermodynamic enolates are favored under conditions that promote the formation of the most stable enolate.

When an α-halo carbonyl compound (a carbonyl compound with a halogen atom on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group) undergoes an elimination reaction, an alkene is formed.